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TughluQ dynasTy (1320-1414)

Ghiyasuddin was an efficient and experienced administrator and able military commander.
He liberlised various harsh measures imposed by Alauddin Khalji and restored peace and
order in the kingdom. He built the fortified city of Tughlaqabad in Delhi. He died in an
accident in 1325.

muhammad-bin TughluQ (1325-1351)

Muhammad-bin Tughluq laid stress on merit and raised many people of
humble origins to high postition. This offended many of the nobles and
they refused to cooperate with him. Muhammad-bin-Tughluq made grand
plans and introduced many new policies, but these were not carried out
properly. These failed experiments lowered his prestige. Revolts broke out
in many parts of his empire and provinces began to break away. He shifted
his capital from Delhi to Devagiri in 1327 AD. Muhammad-bin-Tughluq died
Muhammad-bin Tughluq in 1351.

firOz shah TughluQ (1351-1388)

Firoz Shah was a kind-hearted, peace loving and just ruler. He adopted appeasement
polices to gain support of the nobles, the army and the Ulema. Firoz Shah Tughluq’s reign
is especially remembered for various public welfare schemes. He established new towns,
educational centres and hospitals, etc.
After the death of Firoz Shah, the governor of many provinces declared themselves
independent kings. Finally, only a small area around Delhi remained in the hands of the
Tughluq Sultans.

timuR’s invasion
Timur Lang (Timur the Lame) was the ruler of the region around Samarkand in Central Asia.
He invaded India in 1398 and occupied some territories in the north-west. He then plundered
Delhi. On his way back to Samarkand, he plundered many more cities. He carried away
enormous wealth. He also took along skilled artisans to work on monuments in Samarkand.
Timur left Afghan chief named Khizr Khan in charge of his Indian territories.
The Tughluqs could not recover their power after Timur’s invasion. Their dynasty ended in
1412. In 1414, Khizr Khan occupied Delhi. He established the Sayyid dynasty, which lasted
till 1451.
lOdhi dynasTy (1451-1526)

After the Timur’s invasion, a new dynasty called
the Sayyid Dynasty arose in Delhi. But it was soon
replaced by the Lodhis who were originally Afghan 90 elephants were used by Timur to
carry the precious stones looted from
tribesmen. In 1451, Bahlul Lodhi became the ruler his invasion of India.
of Delhi. He extended Lodhi rule from Punjab to
the western borders of Bihar.
bahlul lOdhi (1451-1489)

Bahlul Lodhi was the founder of the Lodhi Dynasty. He was a generous and pious ruler. He
brought peace and order in the country.
60 Social Studies-7