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goods. The materials we need for making finished goods are called raw materials.

Wood, ores, cotton, sugarcane, etc., are all raw materials. They are converted into
finished goods in industries.

A lot of the natural resource you have read about, go into making of these good.
For example, the paper used in books is made from wood; the metals use in utensils

comes from ores, and the plastic used in your television come from petroleum.

Types of industries

There are different criteria for classifying industries. On the basis of size, the kind
of machines used and the number of people employed, industries in India can be

classified as cottage industries, small-scale industry and large scale industry.

Cottage Industries:

Cottage industries are very small in size. These are mostly

set up by people in their own homes or in small workshops.
They require very few workers and simple tools. Candles,
baskets, pickles, jams, biscuits and pottery and craft items

are some products produced by cottage industries.

Small-scale Industries

The number of workers working in small-scale industries

is more than that in cottage industries. In small scale
industries, small machines are used. Electrical and plastic

goods, furniture, utensils, bicycle parts, soaps, shampoos
and handloom clothes are some products of small-scale

industries.

Large-scale industries

Large scale industries, as the name suggest, are big industries where thousands of

people work. Huge machines are used in these industries.
They are mainly based near big cities as they require a huge

amount of electricity and good transport system. Iron and
steel, textiles, automobiles, shipbuilding, oil refineries

and chemical industries are all large-scale industries.
Industries not only convert raw materials into finished

products for us, but they also give jobs to people and help

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