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The Muslim rulers of medieval India patronised persian-style miniatures. During the Sultanate
period, miniatures were used in books illumination (decoration of the pages of books).
Akbar established the Tasvir Khana, a painting studio where painters from different regions
worked together. These painters blended Indian and persian techniques. They painted
secular themes such as hunting scenes, battle scenes, court scenes and portraits. Bright
colours such as peacock blue and red were popular. Basawan and Daswant were two great
painters of Akbar’s time. Jahangir encouraged the paintings of scenes from nature.
Aurangzeb disapproved of painting. Hence, many artists of the Mughal Court migrated to
different regions. In Rajasthan, for example, different styles emerged at Bundi, Mewar,
Kota, Kishangarh, Marwar, Jaipur and Bikaner. The Pahari style of painting developed in the
hills extending from Jammu to garhwal. The two most well-known schools of the pahari
style are the Basohli and Kangra schools. The Sultans of the Deccan patronised the Deccani
style of miniature painting.
Now I Know :
During Medieval period, not only religious literature but a lot of secular literature was also written.
Malayalam is one of the earliest example of the use of a regional language in official records in the sub-continent.
Malayalam script in the nineth century was based on Tamil script.
During the early medieval period, most literary works were written in Sanskrit.
Indian languages and dialects are grouped into four language families; as:- 1. Indo European 2. Dravidian 3. Sino-
Tibetan 4. Austro-Asiatic.
The term, Kathak is derived from katha, meaning a story.
(Assessment of Learning Outcome)
A. Tick () the correct option :
1. How many states are there in India today?
(a) 25 (b) 26 (c) 27 (d) 28
2. Kathak is an important dance form of :
(a) North India (b) South India (c) East India (d) West India
3. Who established the ‘Tasvir khana’ ?
(a) Babur (b) Humaun (c) Akbar (d) Shah Jhan
4. The Aryans came with __________ language.
(a) Hindi (b) Sanskrit (c) Arabic (d) Marathi
5. Which dynasty of Kerala had links with the Pandya and Chola dynasties of ancient Tamil Nadu?
(a) Chera (b) Kushan (c) Vakataka (d) None of these
B. Fill in the blanks :
1. India is often called a land of __________.
94 Social Studies-7
