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managers, designers, engineers, machine operators, mechanics,
accountants, clerks, labourers, watchmen and so on.
(iv) work in offices
Urban people have a variety
of employment opportunities.
They look for the appropriate
job to suit their qualifications
and skills. In cities, many types of jobs are available in
offices. These offices are private or government and provide
variety of jobs.
These office workers are mainly
employed on a permanent basis. They get regular monthly salary
and allowances. Professionals like doctors, lawyers, teachers and
professors serve the society in their own way. In an institution or
office, people from different income groups work. For example,
one may work as a manager, a salesperson, an accountant, a clerk,
a security guard, a peon, a gardener, depending on his or her skill
and level of education. Many people employ drivers and cleaners for their own service.
aDvantages of Working in urban areas
There are many advantages of working in urban areas:
• Regular salaries : In urban areas, people into services have regular salaries and often
have permanent jobs with a bright future.
• Savings for old age : A part of salary that is kept in a government fund, earns them a
regular interest. The provident fund one can utilise after retirement for old age.
• Medical Facilities : Company pays the medical expenses upto a certain amount for him
and his family members.
• Paid Holidays : One gets leave on sundays and national holidays and also gets some
days as annual leave. Apart from it, one can take medical leave if he or she falls ill.
• Perks : The perks, incentives are paid to the employees in urban areas for excelling
in their job.
Now I Know :
In towns and cities, people generally earn their livelihood from activities other than farming.
In urban areas, people do all types of job. The educated people either do business or service whereas uneducated or
less educated people do all sorts of low profile job to make their living like rickshaw pulling, becoming a vendor,
working at construction sites, tailoring, selling tea, and snacks, etc.
In cities, we find people working in offices, shops, factories, in people’s homes and even on the roads.
There has been a change in the structure of the work force in India.
The people who are not more educated, have low incomes and cannot hold high posts. They may be self-employed
or hired employees.
Through various schemes, the government takes initiatives to generate employment directly or indirectly.
102 Social Studies-6
