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		var questions = [{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Crop Production and Managment","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The science of agriculture includes :<br>\t a. Management of plants and animals<br>\t b. Management of plants<br>\t c. Management of animals<br>\t d. Management of humans "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Crop Production and Managment","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Transplantation is done in the case of :<br>\t a. Wheat<br>\t b. Paddy<br>\t c. Maize<br>\t d. Barley"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Crop Production and Managment","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen are :<br>\t a. Azotobacter<br>\t b. Clostrodium<br>\t c. Rhizobium<br>\t d. All of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Crop Production and Managment","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Wheat rust can be prevented by using :<br>\t a. An insecticide<br>\t b. A rodenticide<br>\t c. A fungicide<br>\t d. A weedicide"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Crop Production and Managment","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["The crop refers to anything produced from soil."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The _______________ refers to anything produced from soil."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Crop Production and Managment","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["The process of loosening and turning up of the soil is called tilling or ploughing."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The process of loosening and turning up of the soil is called ___________ or ___________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Crop Production and Managment","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Farmyard maure is the most valuable organic matter commonly applied to the soil."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["______________ is the most valuable organic matter commonly applied to the soil."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Crop Production and Managment","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Pesitcides include insectcides and rdenticides."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_______________ include insecticides and rodenticide."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Crop Production and Managment","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Pesitcides include insectcides and rdenticides."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_______________ include insecticides and rodenticide."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Crop Production and Managment","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Fish liver oil is rich in vitamin A na dvitamin D."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Fish liver oil is rich in vitamin _______________ and vitamin _______________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Crop Production and Managment","type":"True and False","answer":["false"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["A seed-drill is used for harvesting the seeds."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Crop Production and Managment","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Plants depend on the soil for their nutrients."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Crop Production and Managment","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Drip irrigation system is practice in regions where water availability is poor."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Crop Production and Managment","type":"True and False","answer":["false"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In India harvesting is done with the help of machines only."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Crop Production and Managment","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The food obtained from animals is very rich in proteins."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Crop Production and Managment","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The early man was a nomad and lived in caves. He wandered in small groups from place to place for food and shelter. He used to gather fruits, nuts, leaves, stems and roots. He also used stone tools for hunting animals and ate them raw. Therefore, the early man was called a hunter-gatherer. Around 10,000 BC man by chance discovered that seeds can be sown to grow plants. This was the beginning of agriculture and also the beginning of settled life. Man settled close to river banks and water bodies, and thus farming communities developed. Gradually, man discovered tilling, planting and harvesting the right species of plants and rearing animals for his needs."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Summarize the history of agriculture."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Crop Production and Managment","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Some important and commonly used manures are: Farmyard manure: This type of manure mainly consists of animal dung, straw, leaves etc. Green manure: It consists of agricultural wastse, commonly from the legu- minous crops which is ploughed back into the soil. Compost manure: Compost in made from the cattle-shed wastes and dry leaves etc."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Give an account of some commonly used manures."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Crop Production and Managment","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Transplantation method has the following advantages:+ Transplantation enables selective cultivation of healthy seedlings. This results in better crop production. Transplantation permits better root penetration into soil. + Transplantation allows better shoot development."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What are the advantages of transplantation?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Crop Production and Managment","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Sprinkler system: This method is used where the soil cannot retain water for long or where sufficient water is not available. Rotating nozzles are at- tached to perpendicular pipes at regular intervals. Water is sprinkled on crop as if it is raining. Drip system: This system involves providing water drop by drop at the roots of the plants. Thus water is not wasted. This system is practiced in regions where water availability is poor."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Define sprinkler system and drip system."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Crop Production and Managment","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Though we get most of our food from crop plants, animals also provide us food. The food provided by animals consists of milk, eggs and meat. The food obtained from animals is very rich in proteins. In fact, animal food pro- vides certain proteins which are not present in plant foods. Most of the food obtained from animals also contains a good amount of fat but it contains very little of carbohydrates."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What type of food do we get from animals?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Microorganisms : Friend and Foe","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Algin is used in the manufacture of :<br>\t a. Butter<br>\t b. Ice-creams<br>\t c. Fertilisers<br>\t d. Fodder"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Microorganisms : Friend and Foe","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Freezing is not used for preserving :<br>\t a. Fresh fruits<br>\t b. Vegetables<br>\t c. Meat<br>\t d. Pickles"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Microorganisms : Friend and Foe","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Microbiology is the branch of science that deals with the study of microor- ganisms."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_______________ is the branch of science that deals with the study of microorganisms."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Microorganisms : Friend and Foe","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Bacilli is the most common shape of bacteria."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Bacilli is the most common shape of _______________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Microorganisms : Friend and Foe","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["The size of viruses ranges from 0.015 to 0.2 microns."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The size of _______________ ranges from 0.015 to 0.2 microns."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Microorganisms : Friend and Foe","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Ioding is produced by the marine brown algae called chlorella."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Iodine is produced by the marine brown algae called _______________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Microorganisms : Friend and Foe","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Ioding is produced by the marine brown algae called chlorella."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Iodine is produced by the marine brown algae called _______________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Microorganisms : Friend and Foe","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["A paramecium is covered with short hair-like structures called cilia."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["A paramecium is covered with short hair-like structures called _______________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Microorganisms : Friend and Foe","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Bacteria normally reproduce asexually by simple fission."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Microorganisms : Friend and Foe","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Acetic acid gives vinegar its odour."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Microorganisms : Friend and Foe","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Acetic acid gives vinegar its odour."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Microorganisms : Friend and Foe","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Rust of wheat is a fungal disease spread by air and seeds."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Microorganisms : Friend and Foe","type":"True and False","answer":["false"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Protozoans do not play any role in degradation of wastes."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Microorganisms : Friend and Foe","type":"True and False","answer":["false"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Dehydration increases the flavour and texture of fod."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Microorganisms : Friend and Foe","type":"Match the following","answer":["17119505062.png",""],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Match the micro-organisms in column A with their action in column B :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":[""],"image":"17119505061.png"}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Microorganisms : Friend and Foe","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Bacteria are found in all the places wherever life is possible. They are in the air you breathe, the food you eat, and the soil upon which you walk. They are on almost anything you touch. A large number of bacteria also occur in animal and human bodies."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Where can we find bacteria?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Microorganisms : Friend and Foe","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Fungi are a large group of organisms. Fungi are plants-like heterotrophs. They are like plants because they are stationary. They heterotrophic because they do not have chlorphyll. They obtain their foo from dead organic matter or living organisms."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What are fungi?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Microorganisms : Friend and Foe","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The harmful effects of fungi are as follows: (a) Decay of wood: Some fungi grow on timber-yielding plants such as sal, teak, deodar, etc. These fungi secrete decomposing enzymes and cause heart rot. (b) Plant diseases: Some fungi infect many economically impmortant plants and minimise the yield of food considerably. For example, potato blight is caused by a fungus. Rust of wheat is a fungal disease which is spread by air and seeds."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["State some harmful effects of fungi."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Microorganisms : Friend and Foe","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Food preservation is the process of treating food in order to slow down or strop its spoilage, thereby maintaining its nutritive value, texture and flavour."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is food preservation?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Microorganisms : Friend and Foe","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["In freeze-drying, food is frozen and kept in vacuum (in the absence of air). In vacuum, water (ice) sublimes, i.e. changes from the solid to vapour (gaseous) state directly. This process is used to make instant cofee and store fruits such as apples."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Define the process of freeze-drying."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Microorganisms : Friend and Foe","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["These are the simplest and the most primitive organisms.<br>\t a. Bacteria<br>\t b. Viruses<br>\t c. Algae<br>\t d. Fungi"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Microorganisms : Friend and Foe","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Foot and Mouth disease is found in :<br>\t a. Tobacco<br>\t b. Tomato<br>\t c. Hooved animals<br>\t d. Humans"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Coal and Petroleum","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which one of the following is not a fossil fuel?<br>\t a. Petrol<br>\t b. Coke<br>\t c. Charcoal<br>\t d. Coal"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Coal and Petroleum","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The major component of CNG is :<br>\t a. Methane<br>\t b. Hydrogen<br>\t c. Carbon monoxide<br>\t d. Butane"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Coal and Petroleum","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The gas which occurs above the petroleum oil trapped under the rocks is called :<br>\t a. Biogas<br>\t b. Natural gas<br>\t c. Coal gas<br>\t d. Methane"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Coal and Petroleum","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which of the following is not obtained as a fraction during the refining of petroleum?<br>\t a. Kerosene<br>\t b. Lubricating oil<br>\t c. Bitumen<br>\t d. Natural gas"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Coal and Petroleum","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Inexhaustible natural resources are not likely to get exhausted by human activities."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_______________ resources are not likely to get exhausted by human activities."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Coal and Petroleum","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Most minerals are obtained from lithosphere."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Most minerals are obtained from _______________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Coal and Petroleum","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Coal gas in an excellent gaseous fuel."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Coal gas is an excellent _______________ fuel."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Coal and Petroleum","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Petroleum is separated into useful substances by fractional distillation."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Petroleum is separated into useful substances by _______________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Coal and Petroleum","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Natural gas release more energy than any other fuel."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_______________ releases more energy than any other fuel."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Coal and Petroleum","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Not all natural resources can be exhausted by the use of human activities."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Coal and Petroleum","type":"True and False","answer":["false"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Most of the minerals are obtained from the seabed."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Coal and Petroleum","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Coal is one of the earliest used fossil fuel."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Coal and Petroleum","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Petroleum is found beneath the layers of rock."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Coal and Petroleum","type":"True and False","answer":["false"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["We should use inferior quality petro and engine oil."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Coal and Petroleum","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The resources wich are present in the unlimited quantity in nature and are not likely to get exhausted by human activities are called inexhaustible natu- ral resources."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What are inexhaustible natural resources? Give suitable examples."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Coal and Petroleum","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Minerals are the backbone of industry. Most minerals are obtained from lithosphere (the upper layer of the Earth). Some important minerals are, Rocks salt + Mica \u00e2\u20ac\u00a2 Coal \u00e2\u20ac\u00a2 Petroleum + Metals and their ores Limestone Sand + These minerals were due to very slow processes taking place inside the Earth. These minerals are distributed in the Earth&#039;s crust differently. + These minerals are mined from the Earth, and processed to obtain use- ful products."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Give some characteristics of minerals."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Coal and Petroleum","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Coal was formed by the decomposition of large land plants and trees bur- ied under the Earth about 300 million years ago. This happened as follows: About 300 million years ago, the Earth had dense forests in low-lying wet land areas. Due to natural processes like earthquakes, volcanoes and floods, etc., these forests were buried under the surface of Earth. As more soil de- posited over them, they were compressed. The temperature also rose as they sank deeper and deeper. Due to high pressure and high temperature inside the Earth, and in the absence of air, the wood of buried forest plants and trees was slowly converted into coal. This process is called carbonisa- tion."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Describe how coal was formed? What is this process called?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Coal and Petroleum","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The major products (or fractions) of petroleum refining are petroleum gas,petroleum ether, gasoline, kerosene, disel, lubricating oil, paraffin wax, pitch or tar, petroleum cake. Petroleum gas is used as domestic cake. Gasoline is used as motor fuel."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What are the major products (or fractions) of petroleum refining? Give one use of any two petroleum products."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Coal and Petroleum","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["When natural gas is compressed by applying pressure, it is called com- pressed natural gas. It is used in heating."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is CNG? State its one use."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Combustion and Flame","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which of the following substances has the lowest ignition temperature?<br>\t a. Kerosene<br>\t b. Spirit<br>\t c. Diesel<br>\t d. Mustard oil"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Combustion and Flame","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which is required for combustion?<br>\t a. Oxygen<br>\t b. Nitrogen<br>\t c. Carbon dioxide<br>\t d. Ozone"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Combustion and Flame","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The calorific value of a fuel is 4000 kJ\/Kg. This fuel is most likely to be.<br>\t a. Hydrogen gas<br>\t b. Methane<br>\t c. Liquefied petroleum gas<br>\t d. Biogas"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Combustion and Flame","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which causes acid rain?<br>\t a. Sulphur dioxide<br>\t b. Carbon dioxide<br>\t c. Carbon monoxide<br>\t d. Oxide of nitrogen "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Combustion and Flame","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Combustion is the process of burning of a substance in the presence of oxygen."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_______________ is the process of burning of a substance in the presence of oxygen."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Combustion and Flame","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Paper, wood and kersoene are categorized as combustible substances."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Paper, wood and kerosene are categorized as _______________ substances."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Combustion and Flame","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Carbon dioxide gas is not a supporter of combustion."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_______________ gas is not a supporter of combustion."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Combustion and Flame","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Luminous zone is the pale yellow coloured zone."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_______________ luminous zone is the pale _______________ coloured zone."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Combustion and Flame","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Pollutants in the air cause many diseases and reactions in human beings."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_______________ in the air cause many diseases and reactions in human beings."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Combustion and Flame","type":"Match the following","answer":["17119527892.png",""],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Match the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":[""],"image":"17119527891.png"}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Combustion and Flame","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The substance whcih catch fir eeasily and give a lot of leat and light are called combusitble substances. In simple word, combustibel substances are actually food for fire. For example, paper, cloth, alcohol, ether, kerosene oil burns and LPG are some combustible substances."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What are combustible substances? Give examples."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Combustion and Flame","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["A substance burns abvoe its ignition temperature or kindling temperature. The ignition temperature, therefore, is the temperature at or above which a substance starts burning. Every substance has a definite ignition tempera- ture which may be as low as 35\u00c2\u00b0C (white phosphorous) or as high as 260\u00c2\u00b0C (red phosphorous)."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Define ignition or kindling temperature."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Combustion and Flame","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Sometimes, a large volume of gas is liberated in combustion beside the production of heat and light. The sudden evolution of large quantities of gas creates of heat and light. The sudden evolution of large quantities of gas creates excessive pressure that produces a load noise. Such combustion is known as an explosion."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What do you understand by explosion?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Combustion and Flame","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["A flame is a region where combustion of fuel takes place. When a fuel undergoes combustion, the products obtained depend on the amount of oxygen available for combustion. If there is enough oxygen to support combustion or burning process, the combusiton is called complete combustion. For example, methane on complete burning in sufficient oxy- gen gives carbon dioxide, water and energy. Methane (CH4) + Oxygen (O2) Carbon dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) + Energy A simple example can be seen in the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen, which is a commonly used reaction in rocket engines. The result is water vapour. Hydrogen (H2) + Oxygen (O2) Water vapour (H2O) Water vapour (HO) + Energy If there is insufficient oxygen to support combustion or burning process, the combustion is called incomplete combustion. When methane is allowed to burn in insufficient oxygen, the products obtained are carbon monoxide, water and energy. Methane (CH4) + Oxygen (O2) Carbon monoxide (CO) + Water (H2O) + Energy."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What do you mean by flame?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Conservation of Plants and Animals","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Flora includes :<br>\t a. Only plants<br>\t b. Both plants and animals<br>\t c. Only animals <br>\t d. Plants, animals and microorganisms"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Conservation of Plants and Animals","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The part of the Earth where living organisms exist is called :<br>\t a. Ecosystem<br>\t b. Biodiversity<br>\t c. Diversity<br>\t d. Fauna"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Conservation of Plants and Animals","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Giant Panda is an :<br>\t a. Extinct species<br>\t b. Endangered species<br>\t c. Endemic species<br>\t d. Animal listed in Red Data Book"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Conservation of Plants and Animals","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Species restricted to a particular geographical area are called :<br>\t a. Endangered species<br>\t b. Flora<br>\t c. Endemic species<br>\t d. Fauna"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Conservation of Plants and Animals","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Overuse or wastage of resources must be avoided."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_______________ or _______________ resources must be avoided."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Conservation of Plants and Animals","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Increase is population has led to large scale cutting of trees."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Increase in population has led to large scale cutting of _______________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Conservation of Plants and Animals","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Dependence on wood as a fuel shold be reduced."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Dependence on _______________ as a fuel should be reduced."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Conservation of Plants and Animals","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Red Data Book lists rare species and those in danger of extinction."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_______________ lists rare species and those in danger of extinction."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Conservation of Plants and Animals","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Chipko Movement was started in a village in the Himalayas."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Chipko Movement was started in a village in the _______________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Conservation of Plants and Animals","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Air, water and land are non-living natural resources."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Conservation of Plants and Animals","type":"True and False","answer":["false"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Deforestation has no adverse effects."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Conservation of Plants and Animals","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["An area strictly reserved for the protection of animals is called a wildlife sanctuary."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Conservation of Plants and Animals","type":"True and False","answer":["false"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In a national park animals can freely graze."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Conservation of Plants and Animals","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Whales, fishes, birds are migratory creatures."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Conservation of Plants and Animals","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Following are the two aims of conservation. (i) To ensure a continuous availability of useful plants, animals and materi- als for futrue generations.(ii) To preserve the quality of our environment."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What are the two aims of conservation?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Conservation of Plants and Animals","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The term flora is used to indicate the different plans growing in a particular area. The animals found in that area form the fauna. For example, let us as- sume that the following living organisms area present in a particular area: mango jamun, sunflower, pea, cow, elephant, dog, crow and bull. Flora of the given particular area is represented by mango, Jamun, sunflower and pea plants, while cow, elephant, dog, crow and bull constitute the fauna of that area."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is the difference between flora and fauna?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Conservation of Plants and Animals","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The human activities such as cultivation of land building of settlements (houses) are not allowed in a wildlife sanctuary. Poaching (hunting) is strictly prohibited."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Mention the activities not permitted in Wildlife sanctuaries."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Conservation of Plants and Animals","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The factors responsible for habitat destruction are: Deforestation, industrialisation, construction of dams and natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, droughts and cyclones."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What are the factors responsible for habitat destruction?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Conservation of Plants and Animals","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["National parks, wildlife sanctuaries and biosphere reserves are the protected 5 areas established under the Wildlife Protection Act (1972)."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Name the protected areas established under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reproduction and Life Cycle","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The fusion of a male and female gamete results in the formation of :<br>\t a. Egg<br>\t b. Sperm<br>\t c. Zoospore<br>\t d. Zygote"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reproduction and Life Cycle","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Egg producing animals such as birds are called :<br>\t a. Viviparous<br>\t b. Oviparous<br>\t c. Hermaphrodite<br>\t d. Unisexual"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reproduction and Life Cycle","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The offsprings of which of the following grow out of the parents body?<br>\t a. Hydra<br>\t b. Amoeba<br>\t c. Paramecium<br>\t d. Human"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reproduction and Life Cycle","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which of the following is involved in the sexual reproduction?<br>\t a. Vegetative propagation<br>\t b. Fertilization<br>\t c. Binary fission<br>\t d. Multiple fission"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reproduction and Life Cycle","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Zygote develops into a new individual."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_______________ develops into a new individual."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reproduction and Life Cycle","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["The method of reproduction through the fusion of male and female gam- etes is called sexual reproduction."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The method of reproduction through the fusion of male and female gametes is called __________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reproduction and Life Cycle","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Foetus is the stage of embrvo in which all the body parts can be identified."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_______________ is the stage of embryo in which all the _______________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reproduction and Life Cycle","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["The process of formation of an offspring from a zygote is known as devel- opment."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The process of formation of an offspring from a zygote is known as _______________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reproduction and Life Cycle","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["The technique of cloning requires two inds of cells."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The technique of _______________ requires two kinds of cells."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reproduction and Life Cycle","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["There are two methods reproduction in living organisms."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reproduction and Life Cycle","type":"True and False","answer":["false"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Human beings have a simple mechanism of reproduction."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reproduction and Life Cycle","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Uterus is the organ where the zygote matures and develops into a baby."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reproduction and Life Cycle","type":"True and False","answer":["false"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In butterflies and frogs the zygote develops into a baby that looks like an adult."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reproduction and Life Cycle","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Oviparous animals lay eggs that hatch into offspring."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reproduction and Life Cycle","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Living beings reproduce to produce young ones that resemble them. It helps them to continue their life forms."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Why do living beings reproduce?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reproduction and Life Cycle","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Asexual Reproduction: In this type of reproduction, only a single parent is involved. It takes place when there is plenty of food available and conditions are good. Organisms such as Amoeba, hydra, yeasts, starfish, sponges, and worms reproduce asexually. Sexual Reproduction: This method involves two parents, the male and the female. Most of the plants and animals including human beings reproduce sexually. In this method, male and female gametes (reproductive cells) fuse together to form a fertilzed eggs called zygote which develops into a new individual."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Explain the difference between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction in short."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reproduction and Life Cycle","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Fertilisation is the process of fusion of a male gamete and a female gamete to form a zygote. Life of every sexually reproducing organisms begins as a single-celled zygote. The zygote undergoes cellulaar division and develops into an embryo. The embryo eventually develops into a new individual."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Define fertilization in your own words."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reproduction and Life Cycle","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The fertilization that take place outside the body is called external fertiliza- tion. For example, frog and fish undergoes external fertilization."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What do you mean by external fertilization?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reproduction and Life Cycle","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["In Amoeba, the nucleus divides into two nuclei. The body then divides into two parts, each part receiving a nucleus. Further stretching of the body leads to the formation of two daughter cells. Thus, two amoeba are produced from a single Amoeba."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["How does Amoeba reproduce?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reaching the Age of Adolescence","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Most adolescents gain their maximum height around the age of :<br>\t a. 11-15 years<br>\t b. 18-19 years<br>\t c. 22-25 years<br>\t d. 13-15 years"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reaching the Age of Adolescence","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["At puberty, the testes in boys begin to produce :<br>\t a. Eggs<br>\t b. Hormones<br>\t c. Pimples<br>\t d. Sperms"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reaching the Age of Adolescence","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The male sex hormone is secreted by testes is :<br>\t a. Progesterone<br>\t b. Oestrogen<br>\t c. Testosterone<br>\t d. Thyroxine"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reaching the Age of Adolescence","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Adolescents should be careful about what they eat, because :<br>\t a. Proper diet develops their brains<br>\t b. Proper diet is needed for the rapid growth taking place in their body<br>\t c. Adolescents feel hungry all the time<br>\t d. Taste buds are well developed in teenagers"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reaching the Age of Adolescence","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["During childhood, children grow intellectually, emotionally and socially."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["During childhood, children grow _______________ , _______________ and _______________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reaching the Age of Adolescence","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Appearing of adam&#039;s apple marks the end of adolescence."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Appearing of _______________ marks the end of adolescence."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reaching the Age of Adolescence","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["The stoppage of menstruation is called menopause."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The stoppage of _______________ is called menopause."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reaching the Age of Adolescence","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Iodine is required in the production of thyroxine."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_______________ is required in the production of thyroxine."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reaching the Age of Adolescence","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Person hygiene is very important during adolescence."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Personal _______________ is very important during adolescence."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reaching the Age of Adolescence","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Adolescence lasts up to the age of about 18-19 years."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reaching the Age of Adolescence","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["It is very important to eat the right kind of food during the growth period."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reaching the Age of Adolescence","type":"True and False","answer":["false"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Adolescents should feel insecure during adolescence."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reaching the Age of Adolescence","type":"True and False","answer":["false"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The mother should not be blamed if a girl child is born."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reaching the Age of Adolescence","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Menarche is the first menstrual flow that begins at pberty. It marks the be- ginning of the menstrual cycle."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Define menarche."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reaching the Age of Adolescence","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["At puberty, the voice box or larynx begins to grow. In boys, it protrudes out in the throat region as Adam&#039;s apple. Appearance of Adam&#039;s apple marks the end of adolescence."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What changes take place in the voice of boys during adolescents?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reaching the Age of Adolescence","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Males and females can be differentiated on the basis of the sex organs which are present right from birth. During puberty, other differences also start developing. The characters which develop during puberty and help to distinguish a male from a female are called secondary sexual characters."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What do you mean by secondary sexual characters?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reaching the Age of Adolescence","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["When an ova is released from the ovary, the lining of the uterus becomes thicker, so as to receive the egg. If the egg is not fertilised, the lining of the uterus along with the egg and blood vessels are shed off. Thus is known as menstruation or periods."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Define menstruation."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Reaching the Age of Adolescence","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Each cell of a male has one X and one Y chromosome."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is the genetic composition of a male child?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Force and Pressure","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which of the following is a non-contact force?<br>\t a. Muscular force<br>\t b. Frictional force<br>\t c. Magnetic force<br>\t d. Mechanical force"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Force and Pressure","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The SI unit of force is :<br>\t a. Metre\/second<br>\t b. Newton<br>\t c. Metre\/second2<br>\t d. Gram-weight"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Force and Pressure","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["If a given force is applied on a smaller area of contact the pressure exerted by it :<br>\t a. Decreases<br>\t b. Increases<br>\t c. Does not change<br>\t d. None of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Force and Pressure","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Pressure is defined as :<br>\t a. Force<br>\t b. Force x distance<br>\t c. Force x area<br>\t d. Force per unit area"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Force and Pressure","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["The direction in which a body is pushed or called the direction of force."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The direction in which a body is pushed or called the _______________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Force and Pressure","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Force can change the shape of an object."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Force can change the _______________ of an object."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Force and Pressure","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Gravitational force exists everywhere in the universe."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_______________ force exists everywhere in the universe."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Force and Pressure","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["The force acting on a unit area of a surface is known as pressure."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The force acting on a unit area of a surface is known as _______________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Force and Pressure","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Atmospheric pressure is defined as the pressure exerted on an object by the weight of the air above it."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_______________ is defined as the pressure exerted on an object by the weight of the air above."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Force and Pressure","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["A force can change the direction of motion of a moving object."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Force and Pressure","type":"True and False","answer":["false"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Force of fraction is due to smoothness on the surface of the bodies in contact."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Force and Pressure","type":"True and False","answer":["false"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The SI unit of pressure is newton per square metre."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Force and Pressure","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["When two forces act in the same direction along the same line, the resultant force is equal to the sum of the forces."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Force and Pressure","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Liquids exert equal pressure in all directions at the same depth."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Force and Pressure","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Rolling of chapati, and breaking down bricks."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Give any two examples, where objects move by applying force with hands."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Force and Pressure","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Four key effects a force a force can produce are as follows. (i) It can make a moving object stop. (ii) It can change the direction of a still or moving object. (iii) It can change the speed of a moving object. (iv) It can change the shape of an object."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["State key four effects a force can produce."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Force and Pressure","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["(a) Contact force: The force that can act on objects by direct or physical contact are called contact forces. Muscular force, and friction are exam- ples of contact forces. (b) Non-contact force: The force which cna be exerted from a distance without touching the object is called non-contact force. Magnetic force, electrostatic force and gravitational force are examples of non-contact force."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Define : a. Contact force b. Non-contact force?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Force and Pressure","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["When a rubber band is stretched, in increases in length."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What happens when a rubber band is stretched?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Force and Pressure","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Friction is useful in walking and writing on a blackboard."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Give two examples, where friction is helpful."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Friction","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Frictional forces between two surfaces come into play only when the two surfaces.<br>\t a. Are far away from each other<br>\t b. Are close to each other<br>\t c. Are in physical contact<br>\t d. Do not touch each other"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Friction","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which of the following is not a frictional force?<br>\t a. Static friction<br>\t b. Sliding friction<br>\t c. Rolling friction<br>\t d. Weight"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Friction","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Friction is disadvantageous in :<br>\t a. Running machine<br>\t b. Writing<br>\t c. Driving car<br>\t d. Moving"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Friction","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Friction between two flat surfaces can be reduced by :<br>\t a. Greasing<br>\t b. Painting<br>\t c. Using ball bearing<br>\t d. Decreasing the area "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Friction","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Friction resists the relative motion of two surfaces in contact."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_______________ resists the relative motion of two surfaces in contact."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Friction","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Friction is caused due to interlocking of irregularities in the two surfaces."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Friction is caused due to _______________ in the two surfaces."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Friction","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["The force of friction depends on the nature of the surfaces in contact."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The force of friction depends on the _______________ of the surfaces in contact."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Friction","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["When a body is at rest, the force of friction is called the static friction."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["When a body is at rest, the force of friction is called the _______________ friction."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Friction","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Soap solution also acts as a lubricant."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_______________ solution also acts as a lubricant."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Friction","type":"True and False","answer":["tuse"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Friction slows down motion and dampens the energy."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Friction","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The force of friction is directly proportional to the weight of the object which moves on a horizontal surface."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Friction","type":"True and False","answer":["false"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The sliding friction is always more than the limiting friction."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Friction","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Grooves made on the soles of shoes prevents the person from slipping ."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Friction","type":"True and False","answer":["false"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["We use graphite powder in machines to increase friction."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Friction","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Interlocking of irregulariteis in the two surfaces in contact causes friction."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What causes friction on the surfaces in contact?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Friction","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["When an external force is applied to start a relative motion, the interlock- ing of surfaces gets off thus, causing less frictional force. That is why once the motion starts the frictional force acting between the surfaces in contact decreases, so that a smaller force is required to maintain a uniform motion. That is why friction is less than the static friction."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Why is sliding friction less than static friction?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Friction","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Streamlining means a properly shaped body that can easily move through air or water. Streamlined shape minimises the friction between the object and the medium in which it is moving."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is meant by streamlining?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Friction","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The force of friction depends on the nature of the surface in contact. This is because rough surfaces are more irregular than smooth surfaces. So the force of friction is greater in rough surfaces than in smooth."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["How can you say that the force of friction depends on the nature of the surfaces in contact?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Friction","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Friction is a necessary evil as we can walk, write or drive only because of fric- tion. We cannot walk or write a highly smooth surface. The firction between two surfaces help us to do so."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["How can you say that friction is a necessary evil?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Sound","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The substance through which a wave travels is called a :<br>\t a. Source<br>\t b. Trough<br>\t c. Medium<br>\t d. Disturbance"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Sound","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Through which of the following does sound travel the fastest?<br>\t a. Air<br>\t b. Water<br>\t c. Ice<br>\t d. Wood"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Sound","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Rapid back and forth motion is called :<br>\t a. Translation<br>\t b. Rotation<br>\t c. Vibration<br>\t d. Oscillation"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Sound","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["An object produces a round of 15 Hz. Which of the following statements is correct?<br>\t a. This sound can be heard by us<br>\t b. This sound cannot be heard by us<br>\t c. It cannot produce sound<br>\t d. This sound can be heard only through solids"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Sound","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Non-living things also make a variety of sounds."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_______________ things also make a variety of sounds."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Sound","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["The SI unit of frequence of sound is hertz."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The SI unit of frequency of sound is _______________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Sound","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Unpleasant sound is called noise."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Unpleasant sound is called _______________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Sound","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Sound cannot travel through vacuum."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Sound cannot travel through _______________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Sound","type":"True and False","answer":["false"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Unwanted or unpleasant sound is termed as music."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Sound","type":"True and False","answer":["false"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Sound can travel through solids, liquid and vacum."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Sound","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Sound is produced by vibrating objects."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Sound","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The unit of frequency is hertz."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Sound","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The velocity of sound depends on amplitude, frequency and wavelength. Amplitude is the loudness of the sound. Frequency is the pitch of the sound and wavelength is just as it sound the length of the sound wave."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["List the factors on which the velocity or speed of a sound wave depends."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Sound","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Noise pollution is the unwanted and displeasing human created sound that distrupts the environments."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is sound pollution?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Sound","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Stringed instruments are these instruments in which sounds is produced by the vibrating string. For example, violin, guitar and sitar. 4. Noise can lead to many health hazards."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What are stringed musical instruments?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Sound","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["17119584962.png",""],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["State four ill effects caused by noise pollution."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Sound","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The voices of men, women and children are different because of the differ- ences in pitch and frequency. Females produce a sound of high frequency and high pitch. The sound produces, thus, is said to be shrill. Males, on the other hand, produce a sound of low frequency and low pitch. The sound is said to be gruff or deep. Children too produce shrill voice."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Why are the voices of men, women and children different?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Chemical Effects of Electric Current","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Materials which do not allow electric current to pass through them are called :<br>\t a. Insulators<br>\t b. Conductors<br>\t c. Reflectors<br>\t d. Mirrors"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Chemical Effects of Electric Current","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["A positively charged ion is called :<br>\t a. Atom<br>\t b. Anion<br>\t c. Cation<br>\t d. Neutral ion"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Chemical Effects of Electric Current","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The process in which any electrolytic gets decomposed when electricity is passed through it, is called :<br>\t a. Electrolysis<br>\t b. Decomposition<br>\t c. Dissociation<br>\t d. Splitting"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Chemical Effects of Electric Current","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The process of depositing a thin layer of any superior metal over an object of a cheaper metal with the help of electricity is called :<br>\t a. Electro refining<br>\t b. Electro metallurgy <br>\t c. Electroplating<br>\t d. Electro winning"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Chemical Effects of Electric Current","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Conductivity of electricity allow current to pass through them."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_______________ of electricity allow electric current to pass through them."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Chemical Effects of Electric Current","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["An LED stars emitting light even when a very weak current flows through it."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["An _______________ starts emitting light even when a very weak current flows through it."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Chemical Effects of Electric Current","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Distilled water does not conduct electricity."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Distilled water does not conduct _______________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Chemical Effects of Electric Current","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Cations are positivels charged and anions are negatively charged."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Cations are _______________ charged and anions are _______________ charged."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Chemical Effects of Electric Current","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Electroplating is widely used to prevent corrosion."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_______________ is widely used to prevent corrosion."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Chemical Effects of Electric Current","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Electrical conductivity is the measure of the ability of a substance to allow the flow of an electric current."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Chemical Effects of Electric Current","type":"True and False","answer":["false"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The longer lead of the LED is the negative."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Chemical Effects of Electric Current","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Two type of water can conduct electricity."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Chemical Effects of Electric Current","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Electroplating is a common application of chemical effects of electric current."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Chemical Effects of Electric Current","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Jewellers electroplate silver and gold on less expensive metals."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Some Natural Phenomena","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Charging can be done by :<br>\t a. Radiation<br>\t b. Conduction<br>\t c. Convection<br>\t d. Insulation"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Some Natural Phenomena","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which of the following can be charged with static electricity?<br>\t a. Metal<br>\t b. Alloy<br>\t c. Insulator<br>\t d. Semi conductor"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Some Natural Phenomena","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The point from where the shock wave of an earthquake originate is called :<br>\t a. Seismic focus<br>\t b. Focal depth<br>\t c. Epicentre<br>\t d. Surface point"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Some Natural Phenomena","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Lightning occurs because of :<br>\t a. Electric magnification<br>\t b. Electrolysis<br>\t c. Electromagnetism<br>\t d. Electric discharge "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Some Natural Phenomena","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Atoms rare made of protons, neutrons and electrons."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_____________ are made of protons, neutrons and electrons."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Some Natural Phenomena","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["An electrically neutral object can be charged by various methods."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["An electrically _______________ object can be charged by various methods."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Some Natural Phenomena","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["The process of transferring charge from a charged object to the Earth is called earthing."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The process of transferring charge from a charged object to the Earth is called _______________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Some Natural Phenomena","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["During a thunderstorm seek shelter in a vehicle with closed windows."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["During a thunderstorm seek shelter in a vehicle with _______________ windows."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Some Natural Phenomena","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Earthquakes are also caused due to volcanic eruptions."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_______________ are also caused due to volcanic eruptions."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Some Natural Phenomena","type":"True and False","answer":["fasle"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The charge of the body is negative if the number of protons exceeds the number of electrons."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Some Natural Phenomena","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Earthing is done so that we do not get an electric shock."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Some Natural Phenomena","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["During lightning we should stay away from doors and windows."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Some Natural Phenomena","type":"True and False","answer":["false"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The outermost layer of the Earth is one continuous piece of land."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Some Natural Phenomena","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The vibrations caused by an earthquake travel in the form of waves on the surface of the Earth."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Some Natural Phenomena","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Electrical charges are ato ms having either positive charge or negative charge. These conducted electricity to an uncharged body."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What are electrical charges?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Some Natural Phenomena","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["We can charge a body by friction by rubbing the two bodies aganst each other. This produces an equal and opposite charge in both the bodies."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["How can we charge a body by friction?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Some Natural Phenomena","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["During lightening the best shelther is a vehicle with closed windows."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is the best shelter to be adopted during lighting?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Some Natural Phenomena","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Charging by induction means to charge a body by brining a charged body near it, but not touching it."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What do you mean by charging by induction?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Some Natural Phenomena","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["An earthquake is a sudden movement or trembling of the Earth which lassts for a brief period. It is caused due to distrubance deep down inside the crust. Earthquakes occur all over the Earth all the time. They may range from mild tremors that are not noticed to massive ones causing wide spread de- struction and damage to buildings, bridges, dams and life."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Define earthquake."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Light","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The angle of incidence is the angle between :<br>\t a. The incident ray and the surface of the mirror.<br>\t b. The reflected ray over the surface of the mirror.<br>\t c. The normal to the surface and the incident ray.<br>\t d. The normal to the surface and the reflected ray."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Light","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The nature of image formed by a plane mirror is :<br>\t a. Laterally inverted<br>\t b. Virtual and erect<br>\t c. Of the same size as the object<br>\t d. All these are correct"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Light","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Select and tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201d) the correct answer :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The screen behind the eye lens is called the :<br>\t a. Retina<br>\t b. Ciliary muscle<br>\t c. Iris<br>\t d. Pupil"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Light","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Reflection is the phenomenon of bouncing back of light into the same medium."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_______________ is the phenomenon of bouncing back of light into the same medium."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Light","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["The angle between the incident ray and the normal is called the angle of incidence."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The angle between the incident ray and the normal is called the _______________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Light","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["In a plane mirror, the image is formed behind the mirror."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In a plane mirror, the image is formed _______________ the mirror."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Light","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["White sunlight consists of seven colours."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_______________ sunlight consists of seven colours."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Light","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Deficiency of vitamin causes might blindness."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Deficiency of vitamin causes _______________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Light","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Light spreads out from any source in which it is produced."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Light","type":"True and False","answer":["false"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Light","type":"True and False","answer":["false"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The image formed by the plane mirror is always erect"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Light","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Luminous objects do not have light of their own."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Light","type":"True and False","answer":["true"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write true or false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Violet light travels the slowest and bends the most."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Light","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Laternal inversion means tha the right side of object appears as left and the left side of the object appears right."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Define lateral inversion."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Light","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Regular reflections and decreases the size of the pupil to regulate the amount of light that enters the pupil. The iris gives the distinctive colour to the eye."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What are the two kinds of reflections?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Light","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Myopia or short-sightedness. Such a defect is seen in young persons. In such cases, the image of the distant object falls in front of the retina. A per- son suffering from this defect. Persons suffering from long-sightedness have diffculty in reading. In this case, image of the object falls behind the retina."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Give any two differences between myopia and hypermetropia."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Science","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Science","book":"Penguin Science-8","chapter":"Light","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["When light rays apper to meet behind the mirror or screen, virtual image is formed."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Short answer questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["How is virtual image formed?"],"image":""}},]