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		var questions = [{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which of the following is an inexhaustible resource?<br>\t a. Forests <br>\t b. Sunlight <br>\t c. Wildlife <br>\t d. Fossil Fuels"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which one of the following is not a ubiquitous resource?<br>\t a. gold<br>\t b. Air<br>\t c. Water<br>\t d. None of thes"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which of the following is not a Human-made resource?<br>\t a. Wildlife<br>\t b. Monuments <br>\t c. Technology<br>\t d. All of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which of the following resources is non renewable but can by recycled?<br>\t a. Wood <br>\t b. Iron<br>\t c. Coal <br>\t d. Water "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Sustainable development seeks to prevent:<br>\t a. Pollution <br>\t b. Loss of biodiversity <br>\t c. Wastage of resources <br>\t d. All of these "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["plants; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["________________ are a type of biotic resource."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["resource; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Anything that satisfies human needs is called a ________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["human, human-made; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Resources are primarily classified into Natural, ______________ and________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["coal, petroleum"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["________________ and ________________ are examples of Non-recyclable resources as they cannot be melted and reused."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["natural resource"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The land we live on, the water we drink, and the air we breathe, all are considered as __________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["coal, petroleum; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Give two examples each of the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Non-renewable resources ________________ ________________"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["rocks, minerals"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Give two examples each of the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Abiotic resources ________________ ________________"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["wind energy, solar energy"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Give two examples each of the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Renewable resources ________________ ________________"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["plants, animals; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Give two examples each of the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Biotic resources ________________ ________________"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["plants, animals; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Give two examples each of the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Biotic resources ________________ ________________"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["buildings, moumerts"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Give two examples each of the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Human-made resources ________________ ________________"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Biotic resources are those resources which are obtained from the biosphere like plants, animals and human beings. Abiotic resources are derived from non-living things of the environment like rocks, minerals, mountains, gases, etc"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Differentiate between :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Biotic and Abiotic resources."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Renewable resources are those resources which can be reproduced and regenerated in nature within a given period of time. Their availability is unlimited and they are inexhaustible such as wind energy and solar energy. Even the renewable resources have to be used judiciously to prevent misuse of resources and over exploitation leading to their depletion or exhaustion. Pollution of water bodies in cities has resulted in shortage of freshwater for human consumption. Because of rapid consumption they can get exhausted. For example, minerals once utilised cannot be replenished or regenerated quickly and are exhaustible. For example, uranium, coal etc. Some metallic minerals can be melted and reused again like Iron and gold and are called recyclable. Non-renewable resources have to be judiciously used as mineral formation extends over millions of years and they are finite."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Differentiate between :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Renewable and Non-renewable resources."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Renewable resources are those resources which can be reproduced and regenerated in nature within a given period of time. Their availability is unlimited and they are inexhaustible such as wind energy and solar energy. Even the renewable resources have to be used judiciously to prevent misuse of resources and over exploitation leading to their depletion or exhaustion. Pollution of water bodies in cities has resulted in shortage of freshwater for human consumption. Because of rapid consumption they can get exhausted. For example, minerals once utilised cannot be replenished or regenerated quickly and are exhaustible. For example, uranium, coal etc. Some metallic minerals can be melted and reused again like Iron and gold and are called recyclable. Non-renewable resources have to be judiciously used as mineral formation extends over millions of years and they are finite."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Differentiate between :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Renewable and Non-renewable resources."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Potential resources are those which exist in a region but are not fully developed due to inaccessibility and in appropriate technology. These resources can be developed in the near future with the development of technology. For example, Rajasthan has potential resources for the development of solar and wind energy but it is not fully developed. Actual resources are those which are fully surveyed and well estimated in terms of utilisation with the available technology. The Damodar coal fields in India, alluvial soils of northern plains and oil fields of Assam are examples of actual or developed resources."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Differentiate between :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Potential and Developed resources."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Resources which are confined to certain parts are called localised resources like coal and petroleum while resources which are widespread all over the world are called ubiquitous resources like water, air, land, etc"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Differentiate between :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Ubiquitous and Localised resources."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["National resources are those which belong to the people of a nation that live within the political boundary and territorial waters of a country for example rivers, minerals, forests, etc. International resources are those which lie beyond the territorial waters of a country in open seas and oceans that are regulated and managed by international institutions. No single country can utilise these resources without the permission of the international organisations. Mineral resources, fisheries, etc. are some examples of international resources."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Differentiate between :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["National and International resources."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Anything that satisfies human needs is called a resource."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is a resource?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Human resources refer to the human beings both qualitative and quantitative, who possess skill and knowledge to make wise use of natural resources. People of a country are considered as an asset, as the economic development of a country depends on the quality of people. The quality of human beings can be increased through education and vocational training. Better quality of people will contribute to proper utilisation of resources."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What are Human resources?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Resources are vital for any developmental activity. But irrational consumption and over utilisation of resources may lead to socio-economic and environmental problems. To overcome these problems, resource conservation at various level is important. Conservation of resources means the use of resources economically and without wastage. The concept of conservation is to inspire people to use resources judiciously avoiding overuse, misuse and untimely use."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What do you understand by conservation of resources?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Sustainable economic development means &#039;development should take place without damaging the environment and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of the future generations!"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Discuss the concept of sustainable development."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Resources and Development","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Some metallic minerals can be melted and reused again like Iron and gold and are called recyclable."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is meant by recycling? Name a resource that can be recycled."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Resources of the World","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Black soil is locally called :<br>\t a. regur <br>\t b. red soil<br>\t c. cotton soil<br>\t d. yellow soi"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Resources of the World","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Granitic rocks usually produce :<br>\t a. black soils<br>\t b. fine soils<br>\t c. coarse soils <br>\t d. none of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Resources of the World","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Contour ploughing and terrace cultivation is common along :<br>\t a. river valleys <br>\t b. deltas <br>\t c. steep slopes<br>\t d. all of these "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Resources of the World","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Land covers the total area of the Earth :<br>\t a. 40% <br>\t b. 30%<br>\t c. 80%<br>\t d. 60% "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Resources of the World","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Soil classification solely depends upon :<br>\t a. colour<br>\t b. parent rock <br>\t c. structure <br>\t d. texture "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Resources of the World","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["economic; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Natural resources are crucial for __________________ development of a region or a country."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Resources of the World","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["3.28 million sq. km.; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The total geographical area of India is about __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Resources of the World","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["upper; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Soil forms the __________________ layer of the earth\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s crust."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Resources of the World","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["weathering; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Soil is formed by the __________________ of rocks."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Resources of the World","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["alluvial soil"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["__________________ is rich in humus and supports all types of vegetation."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Resources of the World","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["There are six domains of the earth."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Resources of the World","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Land masses form only about 29 percent of the earth\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s surface"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Resources of the World","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Land masses form only about 29 percent of the earth\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s surface"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Resources of the World","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Rocky lands with thin soil cover are not suitable for cultivation or grazing by animals."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Resources of the World","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Plateaus are the store house of minerals, cover forests and arable lands."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Resources of the World","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Top soil has a lot of humus."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Resources of the World","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Leaching: The term leaching refers to the removal of soluble substances such as humus and bases from the topsoil by rainwater percolating through the soil pores. The material leached out accumulated in the sub-soil. Leaching is intense in humid climates."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Define the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Leaching"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Resources of the World","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Saline Soils: They are also known as Usara soils. They contain larger portion of sodium, potassium and magnesium and thus they are poor and infertile and do not support any vegetative growth. They occur in arid and semi-arid areas. They are most widespread in western Gujarat, deltas of Eastern Coast and Sunderban of West Bengal."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Define the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Saline soils"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Resources of the World","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Forest Soils: In mountainous areas where sufficient rainfall is available, forest soils are formed in the forest areas. These soils vary in colour and texture. They are loamy and silty on valley sides and coarse grained in the up slopes. In the snow bound areas of the Himalayas they experience denudation. The soils found in valley regions are very fertile for the cultivation of rice and wheat."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Differentiate between :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Forest and desert soils."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Resources of the World","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Alluvial Soils: The fine particles of rock material carried in suspension and deposited on land by a river is called alluvium. A soil composed by alluvium is called alluvial soil. This soil is most productive one in India, though low in nitrogen and organic content but high in mineral content like potassium, calcium and phosphate minerals. It is found in the great Indian plains, river valleys, coastal plains and deltas. Most of the food grains; wheat, rice, maize, pulses are grown in these soils. Black Soils: The black soils are so called because of their dark colour due to the high content of humus and iron oxide. It is also called black cotton soil as it is suitable for cotton crop."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Differentiate between :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Alluvial and black soils"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Resources of the World","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["17090242892.png",""],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is soil? Write the types of soil and also its functions?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Resources of the World","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The black soils are so called because of their dark colour due to the high content of humus and iron oxide. It is also called black cotton soil as it is suitable for cotton crop. Black soil have been formed in-situ by the weathering (breaking up) and decomposition of the basaltic rocks of the lava plateau they are thus, related to the parent rock. It becomes sticky and have too much moisture. However as the weather becomes drier, it develops deep cracks."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What are black soils? Describe their formation and characteristics."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Resources of the World","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Land is put to many different uses; agriculture, forestry, grazing of animals, human settlements, construction of roads and railways, etc. This is commonly termed as landuse. The land-use pattern, i.e. the proportion of land put to different uses, changes from region to region and also in the same region from time to time. Some regions have a higher proportion of land under forest  and others which may have a higher proportion of land under cultivation or other human activities."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What do you understand by pattern of land use? Explain with an example why the pattern changes?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Resources of the World","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Soil is formed by the weathering of rocks which takes place over millions of years. Hence soil formation is a slow process. Soil formation takes place in different layers namely topsoil, subsoil, partly weathered rock and parent rock or Bed rock. Topsoil is rich in humus and supports all types of vegetation. Subsoil consists of sand, silt clay and hold moisture. Soil formation depends upon several factors like nature of parent rocks, topography, the climate, types of vegetation, animals and time. Parent rock determines the colour, the texture and mineral composition. Climate controls the rate of weathering, time affects the maturity of the soil, plants and animals contribute to humus formation and the relief of the land determines the accumulation of soil."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write the factors of soil formation?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Resources of the World","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Some methods of soil conservation are: Mulching: The bare ground between plants is covered with a layer of organic matter like straw. It helps to retain soil moisture. Contour Barriers: Stones, grass, soil are used to build barriers along contours. Trenches are made in front of the barriers to collect water. Rock Dam: Rocks are piled up slow down the flow of water. This prevents gullies and further soil loss. Terrace Farming: These are made on the steep slopes so that flat surfaces are available to grow crops. They can reduce surface run-off and soil erosion. Intercropping: Different crops are grown in alternate rows and are sown at different times to protect the soil from rain wash. Contour Ploughing: Ploughing parallel to the contours of a hill slope to form a natural barrier for water to flow down the slope. Shelter Belts: In the coastal and dry regions, rows of trees are planted to check the wind movement to protect soil cover."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write some methods of soil conservation."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Resources of the World","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Some methods of soil conservation are: Mulching: The bare ground between plants is covered with a layer of organic matter like straw. It helps to retain soil moisture. Contour Barriers: Stones, grass, soil are used to build barriers along contours. Trenches are made in front of the barriers to collect water. Rock Dam: Rocks are piled up slow down the flow of water. This prevents gullies and further soil loss. Terrace Farming: These are made on the steep slopes so that flat surfaces are available to grow crops. They can reduce surface run-off and soil erosion. Intercropping: Different crops are grown in alternate rows and are sown at different times to protect the soil from rain wash. Contour Ploughing: Ploughing parallel to the contours of a hill slope to form a natural barrier for water to flow down the slope. Shelter Belts: In the coastal and dry regions, rows of trees are planted to check the wind movement to protect soil cover."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write some methods of soil conservation."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Vegetation and Wildlife","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Life on earth exsists only in the:<br>\t a. lithosphere <br>\t b. biosphere<br>\t c. atmosphere <br>\t d. none of these "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Vegetation and Wildlife","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The type of vegetation depends mainly on the amount of:<br>\t a. snowfall <br>\t b. rainfall <br>\t c. sunlight<br>\t d. all of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Vegetation and Wildlife","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["A specific grassland such as the Argentinian Pampas is known as a:<br>\t a. habitat <br>\t b. hut <br>\t c. igloo<br>\t d. shikara"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Vegetation and Wildlife","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which of the following can not serve as a fire break:<br>\t a. A rive<br>\t b. A ditch<br>\t c. A shelter belt<br>\t d. A road "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Vegetation and Wildlife","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The Wildlife Protection Act came into force in:<br>\t a. 1970 <br>\t b. 1973<br>\t c. 1972 <br>\t d. 1973"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Vegetation and Wildlife","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["habitat"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["A __________________ is the home of particular species of animal or plant."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Vegetation and Wildlife","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["evergreen"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The __________________ forests are found in the areas of heavy rainfall and abundant sunshine."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Vegetation and Wildlife","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Hindu"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Wild animals are of religious values to the __________________ community in our country"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Vegetation and Wildlife","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["firebreaks"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The spread of fires can be stopped or slowed down by __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Vegetation and Wildlife","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Ganga and Brahmaputra"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The world\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s freshwater dolphins are found in India\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s __________________ rivers."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Vegetation and Wildlife","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Deciduous forests consist of trees almost all of which shed their leaves in a particular season of the year."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Vegetation and Wildlife","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The evergreen forests are found in the areas of moderate cool climate and moderate amount of rainfall."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Vegetation and Wildlife","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["A firebreak is a stretch devoid of vegetation and other things that can burn."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Vegetation and Wildlife","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Natural vegetation is determined mainly by snowfall."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Vegetation and Wildlife","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["A forest is a large area of land covered mainly by trees and undergrowing shrubs."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Vegetation and Wildlife","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Evergreen forests (i) The evergreen forests are found in the areas of heavy rainfall and abundant sunshine. (ii) Trees in these forests do not shed their leaves simultaneously during any seasons of the year. (iii) These forests are found on the eastern margins of continents like South China, South Brazil etc. (iv) These forests consist of hard wood species like bamboos, rubber, sandalwood, rosewood etc Deciduous forests (i) Deciduous forests are found in the moderate cool climate and moderate amount of rainfall. (ii) Trees in these forests shed their leaves in a particular season, in order to conserve loss of moisture through transpiration, (iii) These forests are found in sub-tropical regions like Asia, central America, Brazil, etc. with a distinct dry season like monsoon. (iv) In these forests trees are generally deciduous and have broad leaves like oak, ash, cedar, fir etc."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Distinguish between :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Evergreen forests and deciduous forests."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Vegetation and Wildlife","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Tropical Deciduous Forests: These forests occur in subtropical regions which have a distinct dry season in the year. Major areas are the monsoon regions of Asia, parts of Central America, Brazil and Northern Australia. These trees shed their leaves in dry season. They have not only fewer species of trees than the tropical evergreen forests, but they also grow less densely. Important trees of these forests are sal, teak, shisham, sandalwood and bamboo. Teak yields valuable hardwood timber used for construction purposes. Mid-latitude Deciduous Forests These forests are found in middle latitudes to the north of monsoon forests. Main regions of these forests are western Europe, north-eastern USA, north-eastern China, southern Japan, Southern Chile and eastern New Zealand. The trees shed their leaves in autumn and remain leafless throughout the cold winters when the temperature falls below 6\u00c2\u00b0C. Oak, ash, elm, birch, maple and chestnut are some typical trees of these forests."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Distinguish between :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Tropical deciduous forests and Mid-latitude deciduous forests."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Vegetation and Wildlife","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Wildlife may be defined as living organisms that are neither human nor domesticated, especially mammals, birds and fish which are hunted by man. The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 also defines wildlife as, \"any animals, bees, butterflies, crustacean, fish, moth and aquatic and land vegetation which form part of any habitat.\""],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write descriptive note on the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Wild life Protection Act, 1972."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Vegetation and Wildlife","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Man&#039;s economic activities have caused an alarming depletion of the earth&#039;s natural vegetation. In many areas, the original vegetation has been completely removed to make room for human settlements, crop fields, and so on. Deforestation destroys the natural habitat of many wild creatures, making it difficult for them to survive. Deforestation also causes serious environmental problems, which may, in the long run, threaten the survival of all living creatures including man. Over the years, loss of habitat and reckless hunting have caused a decline in the number of wild animals. Many species have become extinct and many are facing extinction. Even those wild animals that have adapted to life near human habitation are at risk. For example, vultures in India and other South Asian countries have been dying of kidney failure after feeding on the carcasses of animals treated with the drug diclofenac"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write descriptive note on the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Need of forest conservation."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Vegetation and Wildlife","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Plants provide us with food, timber, firewood, medicinal substances, pulp and other useful things that satisfy various human needs. They also bind the soil and check soil erosion. Animals provide us with milk, meat, hides, wool, tusks, horns, etc. Some animals are used in farm operations and as means of transport. Besides, both plants and animals help to maintain the balance of different materials in the environment. Hence, plants and animals are valuable resources."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Why should we use our natural resources economically?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Vegetation and Wildlife","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Wildlife may be defined as living organisms that are neither human nor domesticated, especially mammals, birds and fish which are hunted by man.  The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 also defines wildlife as, \"any animals, bees, butterflies, crustacean, fish, moth and aquatic and land vegetation which form part of any habitat.\""],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is meant by wildlife ?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Vegetation and Wildlife","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["A forest is a large area of land covered mainly by trees and undergrowing shrubs. Today they occupy almost 30 per cent of the world&#039;s land area. Coniferous Forests These forests are most widespread in the northern hemisphere. They are found in the cold northern areas as Canada, Europe and Asia. They consist mainly of cone-bearing evergreen trees such as cedar, fir, pine and spruce. These trees are conical-shapes and have needle-shaped leaves with tall straight trunks. They are well adapted to survive long cold winters. The trees do not shed their leaves during any particular part of the year. Instead, shedding old leaves and growing new ones occur throughout the year. Deciduous Forests These forests consist of trees almost all of which shed their leaves in a particular season of the year. This device helps them to reduce loss of moisture by transpiration. Deciduous forests occur in two main regions: (i) the sub-tropical region and (ii) the mid-latitude region."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is a forest ? Describe some characteristics of any three types of forests."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Natural Vegetation and Wildlife","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Forest fires (wildland fires that go out of control) are among the greatest threats to vegetation and wildlife. Forest fires usually happen in hot, dry weather, when the vegetation is dry and catches fire easily. They may result from natural causes such as lightning or volcanic eruptions but most are caused accidentally or purposely by people. There are various ways in which a man-made forest fire could start. The snapping of power lines, the dropping of a lighted match or cigarette, the careless use of machinery or leaving a campfire unattended, for example, could cause the surrounding vegetation to catch fire. Some forest fires are started purposely by farmers to clear land for farming."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write a note on forest fires and its preventive measures."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Agriculture","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is the source of livelihood for about half of the world\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s population?<br>\t a. Agriculture<br>\t b. Fish breeding<br>\t c. Raising silkworms <br>\t d. none of these "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Agriculture","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which agriculture is practised in those countries which have abundant land but are sparsely populated?<br>\t a. Intensive Agriculture <br>\t b. Extensive Agriculture <br>\t c. Sedentary Agriculture<br>\t d. Sedentary Agriculture"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Agriculture","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The raising of animals, primarily for sale, on large farms is known as :<br>\t a. Pisiculture<br>\t b. Horticulture<br>\t c. Milpa<br>\t d. Ranching"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Agriculture","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The production of vegetables for sale in the market is called:<br>\t a. Truck Farming <br>\t b. Dairy Farming <br>\t c. Horticulture <br>\t d. None of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Agriculture","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which is the most important food crop of India?<br>\t a. Rice <br>\t b. Wheat <br>\t c. Maize<br>\t d. Millets "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Agriculture","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Pisiculture"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Fish breeding is called __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Agriculture","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["silkworms"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Raising __________________ for producing silk is called sericulture."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Agriculture","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["horticulture; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Growing flowers, vegetables and fruits is called __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Agriculture","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["honey; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Keeping bees for __________________ is called apiculture."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Agriculture","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["viticulture"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Growing grapes is called __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Agriculture","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The term \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcagriculture\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 has its origin in the Greek words."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Agriculture","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Shifting cultivation is called Roka in North-east India."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Agriculture","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Tea is a beverage crop."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Agriculture","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Rice is a rabi crop."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Agriculture","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["India is the largest producer of tea."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Agriculture","type":"Match the following","answer":["1. (b); 2. (d); 3. (c); 4. (e); 5. (a)"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Match the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":[""],"image":"17090271801.png"}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Agriculture","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Extensive Agriculture: It is practised in those countries which have abundant land but are sparsely populated. One or two commercial crops are grown. It has the following features: (i) Agricultural operations are done by machines. (ii) Land holdings are very large. (iii) No extra care is needed to maintain the fertility of soil. Intensive Agriculture: In this type of agriculture, the farmer tries to get the maximum possible output from a small piece of land. This method is mostly practised in densely populated countries. It has the following features. (i) A large amount of human labour is employed. (ii) Land holdings are small. (iii) High yielding varieties of seeds are used. (iv) Chemical fertilizers and green manures are widely used."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Distinguish between :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Extensive and Intensive Agriculture."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Agriculture","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Commerical Agriculture: The main aim is to produce the crop for sale in the market. It can be intensive or extensive agriculture. The farmer tries to keep the cost of production low. Commercial grain farming in the middle latitudes is essentially of this type. The farm work is done by machines. It is mostly carried out in the Prairies of North America, Pampas of South America, Steppes of Russia, Western Europe and in some parts of India. Plantation Agricuture: Crops such as tea, coffee, cacao, rubber and oil palm are grown on large estates called plantation. This type of agriculture involves huge amounts of labour and capital. Plantation are spread over large areas and have housing and other facilities for the workers. Usually, a single crop is grown. Work on a plantation is organised as in a factory, as the crop is processed almost wholly on the plantation itself"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Distinguish between :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Commercial and Plantation Agriculture."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Agriculture","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Some people in tropical forests clear patches of ground by cutting and burning bushes and trees. They cultivate this piece of land with primitive tools and methods for two or three years. The soil gets leached and become up productive. Weeds and unwanted vegetation rapidly encroach upon such lands. Thus the farmers keep on shifting from one part of the forest to another, where they clear new patches of land."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is shifting cultivation?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Agriculture","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Some people in tropical forests clear patches of ground by cutting and burning bushes and trees. They cultivate this piece of land with primitive tools and methods for two or three years. The soil gets leached and become up productive. Weeds and unwanted vegetation rapidly encroach upon such lands. Thus the farmers keep on shifting from one part of the forest to another, where they clear new patches of land."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is shifting cultivation?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Agriculture","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Some of them are: (i) Food crops like rice, wheat, maize and millets (ii) Beverage crops like tea and coffee (iii) Fibre crops like cotton and jute (iv) Industrial crops like rubber, tobacco, sugar cane, cotton etc."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What are the major crops of India?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Agriculture","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Africa: In Africa, agriculture is still the sole occupation of most people, although much of the land is ill-suited to agriculture. Subsistence farming is a common practice. Agricultural methods remain simple and in some places even primitive. Yields are highest in regions of irrigated farming, like the Nile Valley. Unfavourable conditions have hampered the commercial raising of animals in many parts of Africa. However, sheep are reared commercially in the veld. Australia: In Australia, agricultural lands are confined to the South-Eastern and South-Western regions and the narrow eastern coast. The most important agricultural region is the Murray-Darling basin. Farms are generally large. Agricultural production is high due to scientific methods of farming and a high level of mechanisation. Intensive sugar cane farming is practised in Queensland and New South Wales. Animal husbandry is more important in Australia than crop cultivation. Sheep and cattle are reared commercially"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Define the patterns of agriculture in Africa and Australia."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Agriculture","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Rice: The tropical crop rice is the staple food for about half of the world&#039;s population. Rice needs uniformly high temperature (above 25\u00c2\u00b0C) and heavy rainfall (above 100 cm). Irrigation is essential in areas where the rainfall is inadequate or seasonal. Clayey alluvial soils which hold water, are good for this crop because the young plants need standing water. Flat plains are the most suitable areas for the cultivation of rice. In hilly areas, rice is grown on terraced fields. China, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh and Vietnam are the largest rice-producing countries in the world. Rice is the most important food crop of India. It is grown mainly in the northern plains and the coastal   regions. The leading rice-producing states of India are West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Odisha, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Although rice is a Kharif crop in India, West Bengal and the Southern states raise two or three crops annually. Wheat: Wheat is the second most important food crop next to rice. It is a rabi crop in the temperate regions. Wheat requires moderate temperature of 10-15\u00c2\u00b0C and a rainfall of about 50-75 cm during the growing season and bright sunshine at the time of harvest. It requires a well drained loamy soil for its growth. Wheat is extensively grown in the temperate grasslands of USA, Canada, Argentina, Russia, Ukraine and Australia. In India, it is a rabi crop, grown in winter."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What are the geographical conditions favourable for the cultivation of rice and wheat?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Agriculture","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Agriculture in India is still mostly of the intensive subsistence type. Most crops are grown for consumption as food. This is because India&#039;s population is growing at a fast pace, giving rise to an ever-increasing demand for food. In some areas of Chhotanagpur and the North-Eastern hilly regions, the tribal populations practise shifting agriculture. Cultivation for sale and export is not unknown. Crops like cotton, tobacco and sugar cane are grown commercially, on large farms that use machinery, improved varieties of seeds, fertilizers, etc. Tea, coffee, rubber and spices are grown in plantations. The time between the sowing and the harvesting of crops is called an agricultural season. There are two main agricultural seasons in India-Kharif and Rabi, The Kharif crop is sown in June-July, at the onset of the monsoon, and it is harvested in November-December, when winter sets in. The rabi season begins after the retreat of the monsoon. The United States is endowed with rich resources which make it one of the most advanced lands in the world today. Although industry is of great importance, agriculture remains a leading occupation of the people in the USA. The people living in the low lands of the United States have agriculture as their main occupation. The success of agriculture depends on a rich soil and a favourable climate for the production of crops. From planting to harvesting and selling, everything is done in a big way. Modern technology helps the farmers in farming operations at every step. The peasants have big holdings; their farms are large. They carry on mechanised farming with tractors and by adopting other modern scientific methods and devices. Agricultural produce is very high, leaving a big surplus for export. Such farming is called \"extensive farming\"."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Compare and contrast the farming in India with farming in USA."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Industries","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Pittsburgh is located where the rivers Allegheny and Monongahela unite to form the Ohio."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Industries","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Jamshedpur is located in a mineral-rich region."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Industries","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Jamshedpur is located in a mineral-rich region."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Industries","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In India, the first textile mill was established at Mumbai in 1854."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Industries","type":"Match the following","answer":["1. (d); 2. (a); 3. (c); 4. (e); 5. (b)"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Match the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":[""],"image":"17090285801.png"}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Industries","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Small-scale Industries: These industries are the expansion of a household industry where some improved, efficient tools, small machines driven by power  are used. These industries produce low and medium priced consumer goods. The workers though small in number, are employed for skilled as well as unskilled works. Raw material, if not available locally, is obtained from outside. The products are sent in the market and sold by traders. Manufacturing of cloths, paper, toys, furniture, electrical goods, etc. is associated with the small scale industry. These industries are the components for large-scale industry. Household or Cottage Industries Cottage industries are labour intensive and manually operated. They provide employment to a large number of people and play a vital role in the economic uplift of villages. The goods are prepared for local consumption. Thus, potters, carpenters, blacksmiths, weavers are such craftsmen who earn their livelihood from making different types of goods. They utilise local raw materials and their products are sold in the local market."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Distinguish between :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Cottage and small-scale industries."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Industries","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Some industries utilise the agricultural products as raw materials, for example, jute, tea, sugar, cotton and vegetable oil industries, etc. They are called agro- based industries. The industries which use minerals as basic raw materials are called mineral based industries. Example are iron and steel, chemicals and industries engaged in processing of fossil fuels."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Distinguish between :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Agro-based and mineral-based industries."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Industries","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["These industries have large number of labour and have huge investments. They can be in any public, private or cooperative sector. All combine to assure together large scale production in large-scale industries. In such large- scale industries, the management is very complex and it is hierarchically divided into owners, managers and labourers. Specialisation in production and special attention taken towards the quality control are the main features of largescale industries. The raw-material used in large-scale industries is procured from far off places and the market for the finished goods at national and international level. Modern iron and steel industry, ship-building, textile and petro-chemical industries are some examples of large-scale industries."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write a note on Large Scale Industry."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Industries","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["These industries have large number of labour and have huge investments. They can be in any public, private or cooperative sector. All combine to assure together large scale production in large-scale industries. In such large- scale industries, the management is very complex and it is hierarchically divided into owners, managers and labourers. Specialisation in production and special attention taken towards the quality control are the main features of largescale industries. The raw-material used in large-scale industries is procured from far off places and the market for the finished goods at national and international level. Modern iron and steel industry, ship-building, textile and petro-chemical industries are some examples of large-scale industries."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write a note on Large Scale Industry."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Industries","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Based on the sources of raw materials, industries may be classified as agro- based and mineral-based. Some industries utilise the agricultural products as raw materials, for example, jute, tea, sugar, cotton and vegetable oil industries, etc. They are called agro-based industries. The industries which use minerals as basic raw materials are called mineral based industries. Example are iron and steel, chemicals and industries engaged in processing of fossil fuels. In this case also, sub-classifications like metallic, non-metallic, ferrous and non- ferrous industries may be used."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Define the industries on the basis of raw materials."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Industries","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Requirements for a healthy IT industry The IT industry is basically idea-driven. For it to succeed, you need visionaries with ideas on how to use IT to change the way we live and work. You also need those who are willing to risk their money to develop an idea into a working product. The IT industry needs a large number of people trained in engineering, computers and related fields. Therefore, it succeeds at places where there are many good universities. Also, research at these universities helps to generate ideas for new IT products. Besides these, the availability of telecommunication facilities, relatively inexpensive manpower, and so on, helps in IT activities. Let us now take a look at the IT industries at Silicon Valley (USA) and Bengaluru (India) and see  why these places became successful IT centres."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Explain the requirements for a healthy IT Industry."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Industries","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["2 Both Pittsburgh and Jamshedpur have the advantages of an early start in their respective countries. Both the centres are located fairly close to sources of the important raw materials. Both are well connected by roads and railways. Pittsburgh has the added advantage of cheap water transport through the Great Lakes. Both the centres are situated at the confluence of rivers, and have an abundant supply of water. Both the centres are situated on flat land, and have a comfortable climate. Being situated in densely populated areas, both the centres have access to a supply of cheap labour."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Compare and contrast the development of the iron and steel industry in Pittsburgh with that of Jamshedpur."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Industries","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Several locational factors have been responsible for the development of the cotton textile industry in Ahmedabad. It is located in the cotton growing area where the raw material is available easily. For spinning and weaving the humid climate is conducive. Abundant, cheap, skilled and semi-skilled labour is available from both the states of Gujarat and Maharashtra. As the city of Ahmedabad is well connected by means of roadways and railways, it facilitates the marketing of cotton textiles to other parts of the country. The port of Mumbai helps in import of machinery and export of cotton."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Discuss the locational advantages for the development of the cotton textile industry in Ahmedabad."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Industries","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The expansion of a household industries is called:<br>\t a. Large-scale Industries <br>\t b. Small-scale Industries <br>\t c. Cottage Industries <br>\t d. none of these "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Industries","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which industries are labour intensive and manually operated?<br>\t a. Small-scale Industries <br>\t b. Large-scale Industries<br>\t c. Cottage Industries<br>\t d. All of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Industries","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The industries which use minerals as basic raw materials are called :<br>\t a. Agro-based industries<br>\t b. Mineral based industries<br>\t c. Forest based industries<br>\t d. None of the above"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Industries","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["An industry owned and managed jointly by the state and private entrepreneur falls in the:<br>\t a. Private Sector<br>\t b. Joint Sector <br>\t c. Public Sector<br>\t d. None of these "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Industries","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Amul Dairy of Gujarat is an example of :<br>\t a. Private Sector<br>\t b. Public Sector <br>\t c. Co-operative Sector <br>\t d. None of these "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Industries","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Small scale industries;"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["__________________ produce low and medium priced consumer goods."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Industries","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["chemical industries; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Industries based on chemicals are termed __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Industries","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["powers; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["An uninterrupted supply of __________________ is essential for running machines."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Industries","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["market; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["After processing of raw materials, the finished goods should reach the __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Industries","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Iron"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["__________________ has been used in India since vedic times."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Industries","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The first steel plant was set up at Jamshedpur in 1907."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Industries","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Iron ore was bought first from the Lake Superior."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Human Resources","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Birth rate refers to the number of live births per:<br>\t a. 1000 population<br>\t b. 2000 population <br>\t c. 1500 population<br>\t d. 2500 population "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Human Resources","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What refers to the movement of people from one place to another?<br>\t a. DF Compre<br>\t b. Emigration <br>\t c. Migration <br>\t d. None of thes"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Human Resources","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The difference between the birth rate and death rate of a country is called the Natural growth of:<br>\t a. Migration<br>\t b. population <br>\t c. emigration <br>\t d. none of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Human Resources","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The estimated population of India in 2021 is:<br>\t a. 1342.3 million <br>\t b. 1,500 million<br>\t c. 1,210 million<br>\t d. 887 million"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Human Resources","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The second most populous country in the world is:<br>\t a. China<br>\t b. Japan<br>\t c. USA <br>\t d. India "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Human Resources","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["prime"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["People are the __________________ resource of a country."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Human Resources","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Immegration"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["__________________ means in migration of people into a country."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Human Resources","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["emigration"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["__________________ means the out migration of people from a country."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Human Resources","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["population density"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["__________________ refers to the number of people living per unit area."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Human Resources","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["cencus"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["A country\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s population is officially counted by a process called __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Human Resources","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["USA is the most populous country in the world."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Human Resources","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["India\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s population grew very slowly during 1901-1921."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Human Resources","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Desert areas support higher density of population."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Human Resources","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The concentration of people is the highest in the Northern plains."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Human Resources","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The low growth rate of population is due to low birth rates."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Human Resources","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Birth rate refers to number of live births per 1000 population. Death rate refers to the number of deaths per 1000 population."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Distinguish between :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Birth Rate and Death Rate"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Human Resources","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Immigration means in migration of people into a country while emigration means the out migration of people from a country."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Distinguish between :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Immigration and Emigration"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Human Resources","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["A country may have abundant and varied natural resources such as minerals, water and fertile soil. But it needs people to utilise these resources. Thus, farmers, miners, workers and professional are needed to grow crops, bring out minerals from mines, build roads and houses, and run factories, offices, banks, etc. It is people who give a country its literature, music, art and culture. And, it is people who impart education and skills to other people. People are therefore, considered to be the most important resource of a country. This resource is known as human resource. 2. A country&#039;s population is officially counted "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is human resource?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Human Resources","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["A country may have abundant and varied natural resources such as minerals, water and fertile soil. But it needs people to utilise these resources. Thus, farmers, miners, workers and professional are needed to grow crops, bring out minerals from mines, build roads and houses, and run factories, offices, banks, etc. It is people who give a country its literature, music, art and culture. And, it is people who impart education and skills to other people. People are therefore, considered to be the most important resource of a country. This resource is known as human resource. 2. A country&#039;s population is officially counted "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is human resource?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Human Resources","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["A country&#039;s population is officially counted by a process called census."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Define the term census."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Human Resources","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The distribution of population of the world depends upon geographical, social, cultural and economic factors."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What factors are responsible for the population change?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Human Resources","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Factors Affecting Distribution of Population Geographical Factors Relief Generally people refer to live on plains than mountains and plateaus. Plains are levelled and more suitable for agriculture, industries and other human activities. For example, the northern plains of India are the most densely populated regions of the world while in mountains like the Himalayas, Alps, Andes the population is very sparse. Climate: Too hot, too cold, too wet and too dry areas are least populated unlike the areas with equable and temperate regions. Siberia, Sahara, northern parts of Canada and Europe have low population due to extremes of climate. Natural Resources Natural resources like fertile soil, water and presence of minerals also affect the distribution of population. Soil: Areas of fertile soils, like the river valleys and deltas support higher population as they are conducive to agriculture. The Ganga-Brahmaputra basin in India, Hwang Ho in China, Nile Valley in Egypt and the Great European plains are some examples. Water: Areas of abundant water like river valleys support higher density of population while the desert areas of deserts support very low density of populations. Minerals: The presence of minerals also attract more people than the areas which are devoid of minerals. The gold rush of Australia, the discovery of oil in Middle-East countries led to the colonisation of people in these areas. Social, Cultural and Economic Factors Social Factors: Areas where the basic amenities are available like housing, education, health, sanitation, etc are more densely populated like Delhi. Cultural Factors: Places with religious centres also support more population like Varanasi, Badrinath, Jerusalam, Vatican city, etc. Economic Factors: Industrially developed regions provide large-scale employment opportunities to the people and thus support higher density of population like Mumbai, London, Osaka and Pittsburgh."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Discuss in detail the various factors affecting the population change in a country?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Human Resources","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["People are the prime resource of a country because they create wealth by developing natural resources. However, it is important that the size of human population should be commensurate with the natural resources available. In an underpopulated country, the natural resources can not be fully developed. Such countries encourage immigration as has been the case with Canada and Australia. Oversize population of a country, on the other hand, exploits the available natural resources beyond optimum limits spelling disaster in the long run. The value of any natural resource lies in how it is used by man. The natural resources of any region can bring prosperity and create wealth only when they are wisely used by the people. So, people are ultimately the most important of all natural resources."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Explain the importance of human resources for a country."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Hijacking is a type of :<br>\t a. rail accident <br>\t b. air accident<br>\t c. road accident <br>\t d. none of these "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Smoking is a major cause of :<br>\t a. fire<br>\t b. flood <br>\t c. drought <br>\t d. terrorism"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The deliberate vicious act of mass murder against people is called:<br>\t a. rail accident<br>\t b. terrorism<br>\t c. fire brigade<br>\t d. none of these "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Bhopal Gas Leak took place in the year:<br>\t a. 1984 <br>\t b. 1999 <br>\t c. 2001 <br>\t d. 2004 "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which of the following is not a man-made disaster?<br>\t a. A nuclear accident<br>\t b. A Cyclone<br>\t c. A road accident <br>\t d. An industrial accident"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["natural"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Disasters that are experienced today are not totally __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["three"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Burn by the fires are of __________________ types of degrees."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["second stage"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["When there are blisters on the skin, it is called __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["first stage"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["When the skin is only reddened, it is called __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["road accidents"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In India, about 80 thousand people are killed in __________________ every year."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Bhopal Gas Tragedy was a natural disaster."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Bhopal Gas Tragedy was a natural disaster."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["We should avoid panic at the time of disaster."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["When there is charring and destruction of deeper tissues, it is called third degree of burn."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["An accident in which many people are involved can turn into a disaster."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["We should not follow the traffic rules."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Disasters that are experienced today are not totally natural. Most of the disasters that we face today are induced by human activities or human beings like climate change, global warming, decertification, soil erosion, etc. They not only affect human beings but plants, animals and microorganism also. Man&#039;s progress in science and technology has brought about large-scale misery in the world. These disasters are caused due to human negligence or deliberate activity of an individual or group of people. Human made disasters contribute to loss of life and human suffering, damage to the countries economy and environmental damage"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Distinguish between the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Man-made disaster and natural disaster."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Road Accidents: Everyday many people die due to road, rail and air accident in India. The most common is the road accident, which has resulted in injuries or loss of life of millions of people in India. These accidents are caused due to. (a) not following the traffic rules; (b) speeding of vehicles (c) drunken driving (d) Overtaking the vehicles (e) bad roads (f) stray animals and (g) not using the pedestrian crossing while crossing the road, etc. Rail Accidents The most common type of rails accidents are derailment due to lack of main human error or sabotage. Various types of dangerous cargo are also transported such as fuel, oil products, etc. A large number of rail road accidents take place in India. Every other day people get injured or die in small accidents."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Distinguish between the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Rail accident and road accident."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Terrorists use violence to bring attention to their cause. They may use unconventional means and strike without warning. On 11 September, 2001 terrorists used planes as weapons to destroy the twin towers of the world Trade centre in New York. They may use chemical and biological weapons too. Poisonous chemicals such as mustard gas are used in chemical weapons. The germs of diseases and such as anthrax are used in biological weapons. Some of the these weapons can be made from ingredients that are either readily available or easily produced. Industries often produce or use hazardous substances, whose leakage can be disastrous for us and the environment. One of the world&#039;s worst industrial disasters occured in Bhopal in 1984, when methyl isacyanate, a poisonous gas, leaked from a Union Carbide plant. It killed about 2,500 people and caused permanent disabilities in nearly 3,00,000 others. An accident in a nuclear power plant can release radioactive material and nuclear radiation, affecting the population in a large area around the plant. Exposure to nuclear radiation may cause nausea, loss of hair and diarrhoea."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Distinguish between the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Terrorism related accident and chemical accident"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Terrorists use violence to bring attention to their cause. They may use unconventional means and strike without warning. On 11 September, 2001 terrorists used planes as weapons to destroy the twin towers of the world Trade centre in New York. They may use chemical and biological weapons too. Poisonous chemicals such as mustard gas are used in chemical weapons. The germs of diseases and such as anthrax are used in biological weapons. Some of the these weapons can be made from ingredients that are either readily available or easily produced. Industries often produce or use hazardous substances, whose leakage can be disastrous for us and the environment. One of the world&#039;s worst industrial disasters occured in Bhopal in 1984, when methyl isacyanate, a poisonous gas, leaked from a Union Carbide plant. It killed about 2,500 people and caused permanent disabilities in nearly 3,00,000 others. An accident in a nuclear power plant can release radioactive material and nuclear radiation, affecting the population in a large area around the plant. Exposure to nuclear radiation may cause nausea, loss of hair and diarrhoea."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Distinguish between the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Terrorism related accident and chemical accident"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Fire is an event of something burning and is often destructive talking up toll of life and property. It is observed that more people die in fires than in Cyclones, earthquakes, floods and all other natural disasters combined. Fires  are very dangerous. Travel-related accidents take many lives every day. An accident in which many people are involved can turn into a disaster. Deaths in such accidents are due to the impact or due to the explosion and fire caused by the fuel."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Distinguish between the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Travel related accident and fire related accident."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["First Degree, when the skin is only reddened. Second Degree, where there are blisters on the skin. Third Degree, when there is charring and destruction of deeper tissues."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write about the degrees of burns by fire."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Global Warming, Soil erosion"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Name two man-made disasters."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["(i) Heating sources are often causes of fire, space heaters, electric heaters and fire place should be used with caution. (ii) Cooking accidents are a major cause of home fires and cause us a lot of concern. Fires can result due to unattended cooking or due to mechanical failure of the stove or any cooking equipment."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write any two causes of fire."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["They not only affect human beings but plants, animals and micro-organism also. Man&#039;s progress in science and technology has brought about large-scale misery in the world. These disasters are caused due to human negligence or deliberate activity of an individual or group of people. Human made disasters contribute to loss of life and human suffering."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["How do man-made disasters affect us? Explain with examples."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Don&#039;t drive the vehicle without proper license or before the age of 18. Use Zebra Crossings or look on either side before crossing the road. Be familiar with the road signals and follow them. Wear helmets while driving two wheelers or motorcycles. Obey the traffic rules. Do not run on the road. Do not put your body out while travelling in a bus or a vehicle. Do not talk on mobile phones while driving."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Describe how you would avoid a road accident. Explain with examples"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMan-Made Disaster","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["One of the world&#039;s worst industrial disasters occured in Bhopal in 1984, when methyl isacyanate, a poisonous gas, leaked from a Union Carbide plant. It killed about 2,500 people and caused permanent disabilities in nearly 3,00,000 others."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write a short note on Bhopal Gas Tragedy ?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management-Natural Disaster","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which of the following is not a natural disaster?<br>\t a. Flood<br>\t b. Earthquake <br>\t c. Fire <br>\t d. Landslide"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management-Natural Disaster","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which of the following refers to sudden vibrations or shaking of the Earth Crust along the lines of weakness?<br>\t a. Earthquake <br>\t b. Flood<br>\t c. Landslide <br>\t d. Tsunami "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management-Natural Disaster","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The frequency of earthquakes is recorded by an instrument called:<br>\t a. Aerometre<br>\t b. Seismograph <br>\t c. Meniometer <br>\t d. None of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management-Natural Disaster","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The earthquake is measured on :<br>\t a. Richter scale<br>\t b. Man scale <br>\t c. Vaadhwa scale <br>\t d. None of these "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management-Natural Disaster","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Volcanoes that erupt frequently are called :<br>\t a. active volcanoes <br>\t b. dead volcanoes<br>\t c. extinct volcanoes <br>\t d. None of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management-Natural Disaster","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Earthquake"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["__________ refers to sudden vibration or shaking of the earth crust along the lines of weakness."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management-Natural Disaster","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Seismology"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["__________________ is the study of earthquakes."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management-Natural Disaster","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["earthquake"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Where the disturbances occur in the earth\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s surface is called __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management-Natural Disaster","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["cinder"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Parcutin in Mexico is an example of a __________________ cone."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management-Natural Disaster","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["composite"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Mount Fuzi in Japan, has a __________________ cone."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management-Natural Disaster","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Kilimanjaro in Tanzania is an extinct volcano."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management-Natural Disaster","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Earthquakes occur when molten magma rises through cracks or joints and displaces the rocks causing shaking and vibrations."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management-Natural Disaster","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In case of fire, we should call at the No. 100."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management-Natural Disaster","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Mount Rainier volcano is in the Brazil."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management-Natural Disaster","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Mauna Kea volcano is in Hawaii."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management-Natural Disaster","type":"Match the following","answer":["1. (c); 2. (b); 3. (a); 4. (d)"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Match the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":[""],"image":"17090323661.png"}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management-Natural Disaster","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["\"A disaster is sudden calamity that may cause displacement of great number of people living or working in an area\"."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is meant by the term disaster?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management-Natural Disaster","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["\"A disaster is sudden calamity that may cause displacement of great number of people living or working in an area\"."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is meant by the term disaster?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management-Natural Disaster","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Earthquake occurs when molten magma rises through cracks or joints and displaces the rocks causing shaking and vibrations. It can also occur along the faults or lines of weakness, in areas of volcanic eruption and along the boundaries of tectonic plates."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What usually causes earthquake?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management-Natural Disaster","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Volcanoes do not erupt continuously or at regular intervals. They may remain  inactive for many years. Volcanoes that erupt frequently are called active volcanoes. These include the Barren Island in the Andaman Islands. Mount Etna in Sicily and Filauea in Hawaii. Volcanoes that have not erupted for a long time but could erupt in the future are dormant or sleeping volcanoes. Mount Rainier in the USA and Mauna Kea in Hawaii are examples of dormant volcanoes."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Distinguish between active and dormant volcanoes."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management-Natural Disaster","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["If you are outdoors, move to a clear area, away from trees, signs, buildings, electrical wires and poles. Do not re-enter damaged buildings. If you are driving during tremor pull over to the side of the road and stop. Move away from flyovers, power lines and advertisement boards, jump out of the car and crouch on its side. Do not sit inside the car. If you are in a High Rise Building, move against an interior wall and protect your head with your arms. If you have a scooter helmet, wear it. Do not use the lift stay away from the windows because glass windows can shelter and cause injury. If you are living in a rural area, exist your home or school building and move to open fields. Do not push others and practise this simple exercise every 1st Monday of the month."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is a drought?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management-Natural Disaster","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Drought is defined as a lack or shortage of water for a long period of time in a particular region. In severe drought there is little or no rainfall for many years in a large area or region."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["List out four mitigation strategies during earthquake."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management-Natural Disaster","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["If you live in a cyclone prone area, listen regularly to TV and radio weather forecasts. Upon a cyclone warning, take all moveable property indoors, and tie down things like boats outdoors. As with other disasters, stock food, water, medicines and clothing sufficient for 3-4 days. Remain indoors and shut all doors and windows. If advised by officials, move to a safer place inland. Come out of your shelter only when it is officially declared safe to do 50."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["State four safety trips to be followed during cyclone."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Disaster Management-Natural Disaster","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Listen to radio for advance information and advice. Disconnect all electric connections and move all valuable, personal and household goods and clothing out of reach of flood water may reach the house. Move vehicles, farm animals and moveable goods to the highest ground nearby."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What are the precautions to be taken during flood."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Where, When and How","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Who were the first people who used the term \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcIndia\u00e2\u20ac\u2122?<br>\t a. Persian<br>\t b. Aryan<br>\t c. Greeks <br>\t d. None of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Where, When and How","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The Sultans ruled over India for about :<br>\t a. 100 years <br>\t b. 200 years <br>\t c. 300 years <br>\t d. 400 years "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Where, When and How","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Any building that has historical significance is considered to be a :<br>\t a. house <br>\t b. monument<br>\t c. caravan<br>\t d. none of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Where, When and How","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The study of coins is called:<br>\t a. orthology<br>\t b. numismatics <br>\t c. antology<br>\t d. pomology "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Where, When and How","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["A place where documents and manuscripts are stored is called:<br>\t a. museum <br>\t b. zoo <br>\t c. archive <br>\t d. none of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Where, When and How","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Medival Period; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["__________________ is closer than the ancinet period."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Where, When and How","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Subcontinent"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["India is a __________________ which is a distinct geographical unit unlike many other countries."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Where, When and How","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Bharat"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In Sanskrit language, the country is often called __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Where, When and How","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["The Middle Age; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The word medieval means __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Where, When and How","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Archaeology"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["________________ is a specialised science that deals with material remains of the past civilisations."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Where, When and How","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["India is the third largest country in the world."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Where, When and How","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcZend Avesta\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 is the holy book of the Muslims."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Where, When and How","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The medieval period is strongly associated with Islamic influence and rule in India."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Where, When and How","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The period following the death of Harsha came to be known as the Rajput period."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Where, When and How","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Coins give us dates of important political events."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Where, When and How","type":"Match the following","answer":["1. (a); 2. (c); 3. (a)"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Match the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":[""],"image":"17091026501.png"}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Where, When and How","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["This History is divided into three major periods-ancient, medieval and modern. Each of these periods covers many centuries and the length of a period may differ from one another."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In how many divisions the history is divided?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Where, When and How","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["It is difficult to say as to when the ancient period ended and the modern period started. During the medieval period, the countries of Europe and Asia, including India, lost their political unity. A number of big or small princely kingdoms came up. They fought themselves for power and supremacy. The medieval period has been further divided into two parts-the early medieval period from 8th to the 12th century AD and the later medieval period from 13th to 18th century AD."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["When did modern period begin in India?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Where, When and How","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Sources of Information of moern period are classified into two broad categories Literary and archaeological sources."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write the sources of information of modern period."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Where, When and How","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Paintings are also an equally important source of information especially for the medieval period of the Indian history. They illustrate the artistic progress of the time. Since rulers of kingdoms and other important people often had their portraits made the paintings serve as a record of the lines of descent of kings and nobles. They also tell us about the nature of society; that is, the way of dressing, the custom followed, important events, the life of the common people, along with other features of that period."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["How paintings are also an equally important source of information of Indian History"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Where, When and How","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The literary sources of India in medieval period can be broadly divided into two: the literary work of Indians and foreigners who visited India during those days. Indian literary sources are very old and rich. Our literature comprises both Written and Oral literature in different languages and dialects of our country. Many of these books or manuscripts were beautifully illustrated. They used floral and geometric designs and no human figures were placed in libraries and archives. These manuscripts and documents provided a lot of detailed information to historians but they are also difficult to use. This kind of stylized writing is called Calligraphy. People of that time mostly wrote on palm leaves, the bark of trees, wood block and stone tablets, etc. During this period, Sanskrit and local language developed in the southern part of the country. Somadeva&#039;s Kathasaritsagar and Kalhana&#039;s Rajatarangini, Gitagovinda by Jaideva of Bengal were the famous works of this period. Chandbardai wrote &#039;Prithvirajaraso&#039; which deals with the heroic deeds of Prithviraj Chauhan. Such books are called court chronicles. In these books scholars often wrote the history of the ruling dynasties of the kingdom in which they lived. The people of this period were literate."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write about the literary sources of information of Indian History"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Rise of the English East India Company","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The English East India Company was formed in:<br>\t a. 1585 <br>\t b. 1600 <br>\t c. 1608<br>\t d. 1612 "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Rise of the English East India Company","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The Dutch East India Company was formed in:<br>\t a. 1604<br>\t b. 1608<br>\t c. 1612<br>\t d. 1620"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Rise of the English East India Company","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The East India Company established its first factory at :<br>\t a. Bombay <br>\t b. Madras <br>\t c. Calcutta<br>\t d. Surat "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Rise of the English East India Company","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Who was the Governor from 1813 to 1823 ?<br>\t a. Lord Hastings <br>\t b. Robert Clive<br>\t c. Lord Ellenborough<br>\t d. Lord Minto "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Rise of the English East India Company","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Bedara"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In the battle of __________________, the Dutch were uprooted from India by the British."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Rise of the English East India Company","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Sutanuti"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In 1690, Job Charnock established an English factory at a place called __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Rise of the English East India Company","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Siraj-ud-daulah"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["__________________ succeeded Alivardi Khan as Nawab in 1756."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Rise of the English East India Company","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Siraj-ud-daulah"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["__________________ succeeded Alivardi Khan as Nawab in 1756."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Rise of the English East India Company","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["1848"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The second Anglo-Sikh war broke out in __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Rise of the English East India Company","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Waren Hastings"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["__________________ was the first Governor General."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Rise of the English East India Company","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In 1491, Vasco da Gama of Portugal, reached Calicut in India."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Rise of the English East India Company","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The French East India Company was formed in 1664."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Rise of the English East India Company","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In the third Anglo-Mysore war, Tipu Sultan was defeated and killed."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Rise of the English East India Company","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The second Anglo-Sikh war broke out during the reign of Lord Dalhousie."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Rise of the English East India Company","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The British took away the Kohinoor diamond as a present for queen Victoria."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Rise of the English East India Company","type":"Match the following","answer":["1. (a); 2. (e); 3. (c); 4. (d); 5. (b)"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Match the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":[""],"image":"17091036791.png"}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Rise of the English East India Company","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Under Lord Dalhousie, who was the Governor-General from 1848 to 1856, a new scheme for indirect annexation was devised. This policy was known as Doctrine of Lapse. According to the doctrine, if an Indian ruler died without a male heir, his kingdom would lapse and it would be taken over by the East India Company."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What do you understand by the Doctrine of Lapse?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Rise of the English East India Company","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["A war between the Nawab and the English broke out in 1764. Mir Qasim fled to Awadh in 1764, where he entered into an alliance with the Nawab of Awadh Suja-ud-daulah and Shah-Alam-II, the Mughal emperor. The company  deposed Mir Qasim and again appointed Mir Jafar the Nawab. Huge sums were again obtained by the officials of the company as presents and Bribes. At Allahabad, Robert Clive entered into a treaty with the Suja-ud-daulah, the Nawab of Awadh and Shah Alam II, the Mughal Emperor, who began to reside at Allahabad under the protection of the English company. The kingdom of Awadh was restored to the Nawab. However, the two districts of Kara and Allahabad were taken away from the Nawab and given to Shah Alam. The Nawab paid the company a sum of rupee fifty lakhs. The company promised to support Awadh against out side attack by its own troops, the Expenses of which would be borne by the Nawab. The Mughal emperor granted the English the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. The English were given the right to collect revenues from these provinces. In return, company gave the emperor annual pension of Rs. 26 lakhs."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What were the causes and results of the Battle of Buxer?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Rise of the English East India Company","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["(i) Decline of the Mughal Empire and lack of opposition in India. (ii) Superior army and war weapons. (iii) Strong army. (iv) Better organisation of the company. (v) Acquisition of riches of Bengal"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Why were the Indian states defeated by the British?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Rise of the English East India Company","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Lord Ellenborough was determined to annex Sindh and he did so in 1843 after a short war. The conquest of Sindh was one of the most unjust acts of the English. The rulers had broken on treaty. Rather the English forced on then one unjust treaty after another. Charles Napier who conquered Sindh said, \"We have no right to seize Sindh yet we shall do so\". The conquest of Sindh was a sequel to the first Afghan war, as the long march through Sindh to Afghanistan, had exposed many advantages of possessing Sindh."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Why has the annexation of Sindh been called one of the most unjust British acts?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Rise of the English East India Company","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Lord Wellesley, who remained the Governor-General of India from 1798-1805, was an imperialist who introduced the Subsidiary Alliance system to the Indian states under British influenced control. This system established British supremacy in India as well as secured it from the French danger especially Napolean&#039;s designs. The company acquired several new territories as a result and expanded its domin-ion. 1. Factors leading to the policy of Subsidiary Alliance: By 1797, the two strongest-Indian opponents of the company, Mysore and Maratha had been subdued. The political conditions of India now fa-voured a policy of expansion for the British. The trading and industrialist classes of Britain also favoured a policy of imperialism in India. They want-ed British manufactured goods to be sold in India on a large scale. This was possible only when the en-tire country came under the British rule. 2. Salient features of Subsidiary Alliance The Indian rulers of the states were compelled to accept the permanent stationing of a British force within their territories and to pay a subsidy for its maintenance. Sometimes the ruler lended a part of his territory instead of paying an annual subsidy  The subsidiary treaty also provided that the Indian ruler would accept a British Resi-dent at his court, and no official of any other European power would be allowed in the court. The British would not negotiate with any other Indian ruler without consulting the Governor-General. In return, the British undertook to defend the ruler from his enemies. The British promised non-interference in internal affairs, this promise was usually not kept"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write a note on Subsidiary Alliance System?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Rise of the English East India Company","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Lord Wellesley, who remained the Governor-General of India from 1798-1805, was an imperialist who introduced the Subsidiary Alliance system to the Indian states under British influenced control. This system established British supremacy in India as well as secured it from the French danger especially Napolean&#039;s designs. The company acquired several new territories as a result and expanded its domin-ion. 1. Factors leading to the policy of Subsidiary Alliance: By 1797, the two strongest-Indian opponents of the company, Mysore and Maratha had been subdued. The political conditions of India now fa-voured a policy of expansion for the British. The trading and industrialist classes of Britain also favoured a policy of imperialism in India. They want-ed British manufactured goods to be sold in India on a large scale. This was possible only when the en-tire country came under the British rule. 2. Salient features of Subsidiary Alliance The Indian rulers of the states were compelled to accept the permanent stationing of a British force within their territories and to pay a subsidy for its maintenance. Sometimes the ruler lended a part of his territory instead of paying an annual subsidy  The subsidiary treaty also provided that the Indian ruler would accept a British Resi-dent at his court, and no official of any other European power would be allowed in the court. The British would not negotiate with any other Indian ruler without consulting the Governor-General. In return, the British undertook to defend the ruler from his enemies. The British promised non-interference in internal affairs, this promise was usually not kept"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write a note on Subsidiary Alliance System?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Revolt of 1857","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The British annexed Awadh in :<br>\t a. 1852 <br>\t b. 1854<br>\t c. 1856 <br>\t d. 1857"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Revolt of 1857","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Who was the real leader of the Mughal army?<br>\t a. General Bhakt Khan<br>\t b. Bahadur Shah <br>\t c. Babur<br>\t d. None of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Revolt of 1857","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Who was the last Governor-general under the company?<br>\t a. Lord Mayo<br>\t b. Lord Canning<br>\t c. Lod Minto <br>\t d. None of these "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Revolt of 1857","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Nana Saheb led the revolt at:<br>\t a. Lucknow<br>\t b. Kanpur <br>\t c. Jhansi <br>\t d. Poona "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Revolt of 1857","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["1857, first war"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The revolt of __________________ is often termed as __________________ of independence."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Revolt of 1857","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Enfield"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In 1856, the __________________ rifle was introduced in the company\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s army."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Revolt of 1857","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Reshaw"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Nana Saheb proclaimed himself __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Revolt of 1857","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Rangoon"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Bahadur Shah and his wife were sent to prison in __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Revolt of 1857","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["China"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Boxer rebellion began in __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Revolt of 1857","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Greased cartridges were the immediate cause of the revolt of 1857."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Revolt of 1857","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The British annexed Awadh on the ground of misgovernment."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Revolt of 1857","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The British annexed Awadh on the ground of misgovernment."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Revolt of 1857","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The peasants, artisans, craftsman were very happy under the British Rule."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Revolt of 1857","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In 1856, the number of Indian soldiers was four times of the British soldiers."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Revolt of 1857","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Nana Saheb was the chief organiser of the revolt in Bihar."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Revolt of 1857","type":"Match the following","answer":["1. (c); 2. (d); 3. (a); 4. (b); 5. (e)"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Match the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":[""],"image":"17091047041.png"}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Revolt of 1857","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["1. Nana Sahib proclaimed himself Peshwa and led the Revolt at Kanpur. He expelled the British troops from Kanpur. All British persons including women and children in the city were executed. This was a terrible act. His able commander Tantia Tope won glory by his skill in guerrilla warfare. Forces under general Havelock took terrible vengeance on the rebels for the murder of European. They were executed or blown to pieces by cannons. Nana Sahib was able to escape to Nepal.   2. One of the greatest leader of the Revolt was Rani of Jhansi. She, like a true heroine, fought against the British forces under Sir Huge Rose. Stories of her bravery and courage still inspire the people of India. She held on to her fortress and defended each house and streets. However, when all chances of victory had ended, the Rani escaped and jointed Tantia Tope at Kalpi. English General, Sir Huge Rose, followed her. Their combined forces were defeated at Gwalior by Sir Huge Rose. The Rani died on 17 June, 1858 fighting bravely till end. Her devoted followers immediately burnt her body lest it should fall into the hands of enemy.   3. The British decided to suppress this powerful revolt with great severity. Delhi was recaptured in September 1857. Bahadur Shah was sentenced to life imprisonment. He and his wife were sent to prison in Rangoon (Burma). Rani Lakhsmi Bai was defeated and killed in June 1858. Tantiya Tope escaped to the jungles of central India and continued to fight a guerilla war till he was captured and killed. The British burnt down entire villages, massacring villagers and publically hanging the rebels."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Mention why each of the following resented the British :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["1. Nana Saheb 2. The Rani of Jhansi 3. The Mughal Emperor"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Revolt of 1857","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Political causes: The British land revenue policies angered many chiefs and landlords by robbing them or their power and privileges. Some landlords, like those of Tirunelveli, Aligarh and Travancore, organised localised revolts even before 1857. The British annexed territories on the basis of the subsidiary alliance and the Doctrine of Lapse and by discontinuing the titles and pensions of rulers. They thus disloged many native rulers, including Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi and Nana Saheb, the adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II. They deposed Nawab Wazid Ali Shah of Awadh on grounds of misgovernment."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What were the political causes of the revolt of 1857?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Revolt of 1857","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The most important cause of the popular discontent was the economic exploitation of the country by the British. The peasants, artisans, craftsmen suffered economically under the British. The peasants burdened by heavy land revenue, lost their lands to landlords and moneylenders. Similarly many zamindars were harassed by demands of high land revenue and often lost their zamindari rights. This is not only a severe economic loss for them but also a loss of their status. The middle and upper classes of India, particularly in the north, were badly affected due to loss of employment. Most of them used to work under Indian rulers in administration, court and the army. When these states were taken over by the British, these people became unemployed. Moreover, the Indian rulers were patrons of arts and literature and supported, artist and religious preachers. These people too suffered when the British took over the Indian states. Thus, different sections of the society were economically affected under the British rule and became arch enemies of the British. The most important cause of the popular discontent was the economic exploitation of the country by the British. The peasants, artisans, craftsmen suffered economically under the British. The peasants burdened by heavy land revenue, lost their lands to landlords and moneylenders. Similarly many zamindars were harassed by demands of high land revenue and often lost their zamindari rights. This is not only a severe economic loss for them but also a loss of their status. The middle and upper classes of India, particularly in the north, were badly affected due to loss of employment. Most of them used to work under Indian rulers in administration, court and the army. When these states were taken over by the British, these people became unemployed. Moreover, the Indian rulers were patrons of arts and literature and supported, artist and religious preachers. These people too suffered when the British took over the Indian states. Thus, different sections of the society were economically affected under the British rule and became arch enemies of the British."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What were the economic causes of the revolt of 1857?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Revolt of 1857","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The most important cause of the popular discontent was the economic exploitation of the country by the British. The peasants, artisans, craftsmen suffered economically under the British. The peasants burdened by heavy land revenue, lost their lands to landlords and moneylenders. Similarly many zamindars were harassed by demands of high land revenue and often lost their zamindari rights. This is not only a severe economic loss for them but also a loss of their status. The middle and upper classes of India, particularly in the north, were badly affected due to loss of employment. Most of them used to work under Indian rulers in administration, court and the army. When these states were taken over by the British, these people became unemployed. Moreover, the Indian rulers were patrons of arts and literature and supported, artist and religious preachers. These people too suffered when the British took over the Indian states. Thus, different sections of the society were economically affected under the British rule and became arch enemies of the British."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What were the economic causes of the revolt of 1857?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Revolt of 1857","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["A major cause of the outbreak of the revolt was the fear among the people that the British government was determined to destroy their religion and convert Indian to Christianity. The Christian Missionaries, helped by the authority of the state, converted the people through temptation of money, job and states. They sometimes ridiculed and condemned Hindu religious practices. In 1850, the government enacted a law that a convert to Christianity would inherit his ancestral property. The people took it as official encouragement to conversions. Various social and religious reforms refused some religious group against the government. Sati was banned and remarriage of Hindu widow was allowed. The Hindus thought it was an interference in their religious affairs. Socially, Indians were ill-treated and insulated. They got no justice and at every step, they were made to feel inferior. Educated Indians were deprived of promotions or appointments of high posts. They were to be contented with small jobs."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What were the social causes of the revolt of 1857?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Revolt of 1857","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Causes for the failure of the revolt The rebels were very brave but they did not have modern weapons, while the British had enormous resources at their command. Moreover the rebel groups did not have a common plan of action or centralised leadership. The rebels were poorly organised. The uprisings in different parts of the country were not coordinated. Moreover, the rebels had no future programme, no plan about the future political system or economy, if the British are overthrown."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Why did the revolt of 1857 fail?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Colonialism and Urban Change","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The industrial revolution resulted in a growing demand for raw materials for factories in:<br>\t a. USA<br>\t b. Africa <br>\t c. Europ<br>\t d. None of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Colonialism and Urban Change","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In which year, first passenger railway line in India was built :<br>\t a. 1851<br>\t b. 1852<br>\t c. 1853<br>\t d. 1854"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Colonialism and Urban Change","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which was the capital of Bengal province till the time of Sirajuddaula?<br>\t a. Farukkabad <br>\t b. Murshidabad <br>\t c. Muradabad<br>\t d. None of these "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Colonialism and Urban Change","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["India Gate, to the base of Raisina Hill, is now called:<br>\t a. Rajpath<br>\t b. Agnipath <br>\t c. Sompath<br>\t d. None of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Colonialism and Urban Change","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In which year, India was partitioned and Pakistan was created?<br>\t a. 1943 <br>\t b. 1945 <br>\t c. 1947 <br>\t d. 1948"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Colonialism and Urban Change","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["1861 to 1863;"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The civil war broke out in North America in __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Colonialism and Urban Change","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Bombay; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["King Charles-II of England leased __________________ to the East India Company."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Colonialism and Urban Change","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Bombay and Thane; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In 1853, the first passenger railway line in India was built between __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Colonialism and Urban Change","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Lord Wellesley; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In 1803, __________________ annexed Delhi and Agra."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Colonialism and Urban Change","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["1947"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In __________________ India was partitioned."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Colonialism and Urban Change","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The process of people moving back from urban to rural areas is called ruralisation."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Colonialism and Urban Change","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In the old times, Mirzapur was an important centre of cotton trade."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Colonialism and Urban Change","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The British residential buildings, called bungalows, were designed for joint families."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Colonialism and Urban Change","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The university of Bombay was started in 1857."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Colonialism and Urban Change","type":"Match the following","answer":["1. (c); 2. (e); 3. (a); 4. (b); 5. (d); 6. (f)"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Match the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":[""],"image":"17091061611.png"}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Colonialism and Urban Change","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The establishment of colonial rule in India saw the decay of several traditional urban centres and the growth of new ones. As old cities like Dhaka declined, people moved back to rural areas. This process of people moving back from urban to rural areas is called ruralisation or deurbanisation, and in normally a reflection of decline of the economy. The Industrial Revolution resulted in a growing demand for raw materials for factories in Europe. The factories, in turn, required large markets for the finished products. The supply of raw cotton to the mills of Manchester, the textile hub of Britain, was hard hit when the civil war broke out in North America between 1861 and 1863"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Define deurbanisation. Why did it happen in the British period?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Colonialism and Urban Change","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Shimla and Bombay"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Name any two hill stations established by the British in India."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Colonialism and Urban Change","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Madras and Bombay "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Name two cities each that developed around ports and around railway junctions."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Colonialism and Urban Change","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Railways and post and telegraph system."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Identify any two elements that are common in all cities established by the British"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Colonialism and Urban Change","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["1947, India was partitioned and Pakistan was created. After this, large numbers of people from both India and Pakistan migrated across the Borders. Most of the people who migrated to India from Pakisitani Punjab settled in and around Delhi because of the available business opportunities. Some were able to occupy homes vacated by the muslims who migrated to Pakistan. Some found shelter in refugee camps established by the government of India. The others had to live on gurudwaras, temples, schools, colleges, military barracks and even on the streets. In due course, the Indian government provided housing facilities, water supply, drainage, schools and colleges, and markets in the areas inhabited by the refugees. All this led to the emergence of townships such as Malaviyanagar, Rajendranagar, Lajpatnagar and Tilaknagar."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["How did India\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s partition result in the growth of new townships in Delhi?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Colonialism and Urban Change","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["1947, India was partitioned and Pakistan was created. After this, large numbers of people from both India and Pakistan migrated across the Borders. Most of the people who migrated to India from Pakisitani Punjab settled in and around Delhi because of the available business opportunities. Some were able to occupy homes vacated by the muslims who migrated to Pakistan. Some found shelter in refugee camps established by the government of India. The others had to live on gurudwaras, temples, schools, colleges, military barracks and even on the streets. In due course, the Indian government provided housing facilities, water supply, drainage, schools and colleges, and markets in the areas inhabited by the refugees. All this led to the emergence of townships such as Malaviyanagar, Rajendranagar, Lajpatnagar and Tilaknagar."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["How did India\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s partition result in the growth of new townships in Delhi?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Education and British Rule","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In the Nineteenth century, the elementary schools were called pathshalas for:<br>\t a. Hindus<br>\t b. Muslims<br>\t c. Christian<br>\t d. None of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Education and British Rule","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In the Nineteenth century, Muslims received higher education in:<br>\t a. maktabs<br>\t b. madarasas<br>\t c. pathshalas<br>\t d. tols "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Education and British Rule","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In 1781, the Calcutta Madarasa was set up by :<br>\t a. Lord Macaulay<br>\t b. H. H. Wilson <br>\t c. Lord Minto <br>\t d. Warren Hastings "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Education and British Rule","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Mrs. Annie Besant came to India in:<br>\t a. 1891 <br>\t b. 1892 <br>\t c. 1893 <br>\t d. 1894 "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Education and British Rule","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Who gave the slogan \u00e2\u20ac\u0153Back to the Vedas\u00e2\u20ac\u009d?<br>\t a. Swami Vivekanand<br>\t b. Dayanand Saraswati <br>\t c. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar<br>\t d. None of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Education and British Rule","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["maktabs; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In the Nineteenth century, the elementary schools were called __________________ for Muslims."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Education and British Rule","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Persian; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In Madarasas, the medium of instruction was __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Education and British Rule","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Persian; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In Madarasas, the medium of instruction was __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Education and British Rule","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Sanskrit; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In 1791, Jonathan Duncan started a __________________ college at Banaras."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Education and British Rule","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Raja Ram Mohan Roy; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_________________ is rightly regarded as the first leader of modern India."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Education and British Rule","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Swami Vivekanand"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_________________ founded the Ramkrishna Paramhansa Mission in 1896."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Education and British Rule","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false  :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Rabindranath Tagore started Shantiniketan in 1910."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Education and British Rule","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false  :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Sayyid Ahmed Khan was a great believer in religious tolerance."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Education and British Rule","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false  :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Mrs. Annie Besant was an Irish lady."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Education and British Rule","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false  :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Swami Dayanand Saraswati belonged to a Harijan family."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Education and British Rule","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false  :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The Muhammedan Anglo-Oriental college was founded by Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Education and British Rule","type":"Match the following","answer":["1. (c); 2. (b); 3. (d); 4. (a)"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Match the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":[""],"image":"17091072691.png"}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Education and British Rule","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The most important reason for giving modern education to the Indians was that the British wanted a cheap supply of educated Indians who will work as clerks in their administration. It was too costly and perhaps not even possible to bring Englishmen from England for these jobs. So the British introduced modern education in India in order to cut down the cost of administration."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Why were the British interested in giving education to the Indians?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Education and British Rule","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Mahatma Gandhi wanted to promote an education that could help Indians develop a sense of dignity and selfrespect. During the national movement, he called out to the youth to leave government run schools and colleges. Mahatma Gandhi strongly felt that Indian language should be the medium of teaching. Education in English, he felt, crippled Indians and they did not know how to relate to the masses. According to Gandhiji, people should learn by doing. They must work with their hands and learn a craft. Only then, they will get an all round education which will help them to develop both their mind and body "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write a short note on Mahatma Gandhi\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s ideas of education."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Education and British Rule","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Rabindranath Tagore started Santiniketan in 1901, a school where children could study while being close to nature, where they could be creative and give expression to their thoughts and desires. According to Tagore, our formal education system is suffocating and oppressive. It kills the natural desire of the child to be creative and imaginative."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Why did Rabindranath Tagore establish Shantiniketan?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Education and British Rule","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["He believed that the religious and social life of the Muslims could be improved only by imbibing modern western scientific knowledge and culture. Therefore, promotion of modern education remained his first task throughout his life. As an official he founded schools in many towns and had many western books translated into Urdu. In 1875 he founded at Aligarh the Muhammedan Anglo-Oriental College as a centre for spreading western sciences and culture. Later this college grew into the Aligarh Muslim University."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write about the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental college."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Education and British Rule","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The British wanted to use modern education to strengthen the foundation of their political authority in the country. A major weakness of the education system was the neglect of mass education with the result that mass literacy in India was hardly better in 1921 than in 1821. As many as 94 per cent of Indians were illiterate in 1911 and 92 per cent in 1921. The emphasis on English as the medium of instruction in place of the Indian language also. prevented the spread of education to the masses. It further tended to create a wide linguistic and cultural gulf between educated persons and the masses."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What changes did the British introduce in the system of elementary education in India? How did these changes affect India\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s traditional education system?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Women, Caste and Reform","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The custom of \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcSati\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 was widely prevalent in the country among the:<br>\t a. Hindus<br>\t b. Muslims<br>\t c. Christians <br>\t d. None of these "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Women, Caste and Reform","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Governor-General Villiam Bentinck banned \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcSati\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 through an act in:<br>\t a. 1826<br>\t b. 1827<br>\t c. 1828 <br>\t d. 1829 "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Women, Caste and Reform","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The Prarthana Samaj was founded in Bombay in :<br>\t a. 1867<br>\t b. 1877<br>\t c. 1887<br>\t d. 1897 "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Women, Caste and Reform","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The Ved Samaj was founded in 1864 by:<br>\t a. Swami Vivekananda<br>\t b. Sridharul Naidu <br>\t c. Shri Narayan Guru <br>\t d. Mahatma Gandhi "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Women, Caste and Reform","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["All India Harijan Sevak Sangh was founded by:<br>\t a. E. V. Ramaswami<br>\t b. Mahatma Gandhi<br>\t c. Rabindra Nath Tagore <br>\t d. None of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Women, Caste and Reform","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Sati; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_________________ was regarded the noblest virtue for a widow to burn herself on the funeral pyre of her dead husband."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Women, Caste and Reform","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["14, 18; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The Sharda Act of 1929, raised the marriageable age of girls to __________________ and that of boys to __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Women, Caste and Reform","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Swami Vivekanand;"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Narendra Nath Dutta was widely known as __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Women, Caste and Reform","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Travancore; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Sri Narayan Guru was born into the low Ezhava caste of __________________ ."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Women, Caste and Reform","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Self Respect Movement"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Periyar launched the __________________ against all social and religious practices that increased inequalities in society."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Women, Caste and Reform","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Mahatma Gandhi called the untouchables - \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcHarijans\u00e2\u20ac\u2122."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Women, Caste and Reform","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In 1932, B. R. Ambedkar founded the All India Scheduled Castes Federation."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Women, Caste and Reform","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Governor-General Lord Canning banned Sati in 1829."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Women, Caste and Reform","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar openly supported widow remarriage."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Women, Caste and Reform","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar openly supported widow remarriage."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Women, Caste and Reform","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Kandukuri Veerasalingam was a leading social reformer of Tamil Nadu."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Women, Caste and Reform","type":"Match the following","answer":["1. (a); 2. (d); 3. (b); 4. (e); 5. (c)"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Match the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":[""],"image":"17091083881.png"}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Women, Caste and Reform","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["It was regarded the noblest virtue for a widow to burn herself on the funeral pyre of her dead husband. If she hesitated, the so-called priests and relatives would push her into the flames."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is meant by sati?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Women, Caste and Reform","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["In the late nineteenth century, there were many debates in India and England on the issue of marriageable age. Following these, the Age of Consent Act of 1891 raised the marriageable age of girls from 10 to 12 years. The orthodox Indians and some Indian political leaders protested, as they considered this as a deliberate British attempt to interfere with Indian religious and social customs. The Sarda Act, or Child Marriage Restraint Act, of 1929 raised the marriageable age of girls to 14 and that of boys to 18."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Why was Sharda Act passed?  3. Why did Gandhiji oppose a s"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Women, Caste and Reform","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Mahatma Gandhi) campaigned vigorously to end untouchability. He called the untouchables Harijans, meanings God&#039;s people. Gandhiji was in favour of increasing the political representation of the Harijans. However, he was opposed to having a separate electorate for the Harijans as he did not want Indian society to be divided on the basis of caste."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Why did Gandhiji oppose a seprate electorate for Harizans?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Women, Caste and Reform","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Phule fought to end caste discrimination and Brahman domination in Maharashtra. He organised marriages without the help of priests. He considered the Shudras to be the resisdent Indians whom the invading Aryans  subjugated. He gave great importance to education because he realised that the Brahmans and other highcaste Aryans dominated over the lower castes by denying them education. He and his wife taught low-caste people and founded a library for them. He was honoured with the title of &#039;Mahatma&#039;. In 1873, Phule wrote the book Gulamgiri (slavery). In this book, he criticised various forms of social inequality that existed in Indian society and praised the white Americans who devoted their lives to end the slavery of blacks in the USA. He dedicated his book to those Americans. In the same year he established the Satyashodhak Samaj (society for seeking truth) to win equal rights for all."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write a short note on Jyotiba\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s contribution to social reform."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Women, Caste and Reform","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Do Yourself"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["List the arguments in favour of and against the abolition of sati."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Women, Caste and Reform","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Many social reformers of the time promoted women&#039;s education, as they felt this would improve the condition of women. Among the first to campaign for women&#039;s education was Henry Louis Vivian Derozio-a poet, journalist and reformer of Ram Mohan Roy&#039;s time and a teacher at the Hindu College. He encouraged his students to think rationally and to challenge social evils. His followers known as Derozians, started the Young Bengal Movement. They demanded improvement in the condition of women besides campaigning for peasants right and freedom of the press. In the 1820s, Christian missionaries had set up some schools for Indian girls, but these were not very successful. In 1849, with Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar&#039;s help, J. E. Drinkwater Bethune started a girl&#039;s school which came to be called Bethune School. This school was very successful. As inspector of schools, Vidyasagar established many girl&#039;s schools. The Brahmo Samaj of India also worked for the education of girls and opened schools for them."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write briefly about the efforts of social reformers to promote women\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s education."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Women, Caste and Reform","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Ambedkar organised nonviolent campaigns to assert the rights of untouchables to enter places of worship and to draw water from public wells and tanks. One of the most significant campaigns was held at Chowdar Tank in Mahad, Maharashtra. The partcipants burnt the Manu Smriti, the Hindu law book which they held largely responsible for the practice of untouchability. Ambedkar favoured the reservation of government posts for the depressed classes. He encouraged lower-caste people to change their occupations and to acquire political power. He even advocated conversion to Buddhism, which was based on the principles of equality, freedom and brotherhood. In later life, he himself converted to Buddhism. In 1942, Ambedkar founded the All India Scheduled Castes Federation, which campaigned to improve the status of the depressed classes. Later on, while drafting India&#039;s constitution, Ambedkar played an important role in safeguarding the rights of the depressed classes."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write about B.R. Ambedkar\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s efforts to improve the condition of the depressed classes."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Changes in Art and Architecture","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Jamini Roy in the early 1930s encountered the folk idioms of rural painting in:<br>\t a. Bengal <br>\t b. Maharashtra<br>\t c. Karnataka<br>\t d. Tamil Nadu"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Changes in Art and Architecture","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Famous painter Ravi Verma is belonged from:<br>\t a. Tamil Nadu<br>\t b. Kerala <br>\t c. Karnataka<br>\t d. Maharashtra "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Changes in Art and Architecture","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["&#039;Godan&#039; is written by :<br>\t a. Sharat Chandra Chatterjee<br>\t b. Rabindra Nath Tagore <br>\t c. Munshi Premchand <br>\t d. Bankim Chandra Chatterjee "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Changes in Art and Architecture","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In Goa, Portugese published their first book in :<br>\t a. 1550<br>\t b. 1570 <br>\t c. 1555 <br>\t d. 1557 "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Changes in Art and Architecture","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Who introduced gramophone records in India?<br>\t a. Portugese<br>\t b. Europeans <br>\t c. Dutchs <br>\t d. None of these "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Changes in Art and Architecture","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Vande Matram; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In Anand Math, Bankim Chandra Chatterjee wrote the famous national song of Independence __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Changes in Art and Architecture","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Tamil; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["__________________ is the richest language of all the Dravidian language of the Deccan."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Changes in Art and Architecture","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Vishnu Shastri; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The growth of modern Marathi literature was started and dominated by __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Changes in Art and Architecture","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Vishnu Shastri; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The growth of modern Marathi literature was started and dominated by __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Changes in Art and Architecture","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Portugese; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["__________________ were the first to introduce printing press in India."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Changes in Art and Architecture","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["theatre"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Girish Karnad is the famous dramatist in the field of __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Changes in Art and Architecture","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["theatre"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Girish Karnad is the famous dramatist in the field of __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Changes in Art and Architecture","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["East India Company established their printing press in Tamil Nadu."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Changes in Art and Architecture","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In Pre-British India, dance was usually performed in temples and in royal courts."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Changes in Art and Architecture","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["A significant feature of the 19th century was the rapid growth of Indian\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s  vernacular literatures."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Changes in Art and Architecture","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["\u00e2\u20ac\u02dcRangbhumi\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 is written by Rabindranath Tagore."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Changes in Art and Architecture","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Ramalingaswami\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 was the greatest Tamil poet of the nineteenth century."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Changes in Art and Architecture","type":"Match the following","answer":["1. (a); 2. (c); 3. (d); 4. (e); 5. (b)"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Match the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":[""],"image":"17091117601.png"}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Changes in Art and Architecture","type":"Match the following","answer":["1. (a); 2. (c); 3. (d); 4. (e); 5. (b)"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Match the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":[""],"image":"17091117601.png"}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Changes in Art and Architecture","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["A significant feature of the development of printing press was the rapid growth of India&#039;s literature. Bengal took the lead in this sphere. European scholars who cultivated the study of Sanskrit literature opened the eyes of the Indians to the great rich heritage that their ancestors had bequeathed to them. It was the enthusiasm of European scholars, like Sir Charles Wilkins, Sir William Jones, Max Muller and others for the culture of India that provided the first great impetus to the modern study of classics in India. Wilkins translated the Gita, Jones edited the Shakuntala and several other Sanskrit plays and works, under the inspiration of Max Muller, a great German scholar in England. Sacred books of India were translated and published and Indian philosophy was studied with keen interest in the West."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write a short note on the development of literature in India."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Changes in Art and Architecture","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Prem Chand&#039;s novels and stories have masterly descriptions of the real domestic and social life of the middle and lower classes. He raised his voice through his works against social evils that prevailed in the country during the first quarter of the twentieth century. He was the first to introduce down- trodden peasants and landless field labourers in his works. His polished language has a mass appeal, his style in realistic and technique remarkable. His most famous novels are Rangbhumi, Sevasadan, Godan and Ghaban. They are the treasure of Hindi literature. 3. His novels are real picture of Bengali life. His "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write about Munshi Prem Chanda and Rabindra Nath Tagore."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Changes in Art and Architecture","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["His novels are real picture of Bengali life. His novels have been so popular that they are translated in other languages and are widely read. His novel Devdas become very popular. In the field of poetry, Bengali is rich enough.In creative imagination, gorgeous description, remarkable originality, universal vision and keen appreciation of beauty in all its aspects Tagore is unique. For more than half a century he shaped the literature of Bengal and profoundly influenced the evolution of other Indian languages by his dramas, novels, short stories, songs, lyrics, essays, etc. His &#039;Gitanjali, a collection of short devotional verses, secured for him the Nobel Prize for literature in 1913. He brought international recognition of India and Bengali literature."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What was the contribution of Bankim Chandra Chatterjee to literature? Describe in brief."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Changes in Art and Architecture","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["His novels are real picture of Bengali life. His novels have been so popular that they are translated in other languages and are widely read. His novel Devdas become very popular. In the field of poetry, Bengali is rich enough.In creative imagination, gorgeous description, remarkable originality, universal vision and keen appreciation of beauty in all its aspects Tagore is unique. For more than half a century he shaped the literature of Bengal and profoundly influenced the evolution of other Indian languages by his dramas, novels, short stories, songs, lyrics, essays, etc. His &#039;Gitanjali, a collection of short devotional verses, secured for him the Nobel Prize for literature in 1913. He brought international recognition of India and Bengali literature."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What was the contribution of Bankim Chandra Chatterjee to literature? Describe in brief."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Changes in Art and Architecture","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["(i) Music The Europeans introduced gramophone records in India. This enabled a large number of people to listen to music outside royal courts. In the mid- nineteenth century, both Indian and Western classical music were popular in India. In due course, Western jazz and pop music also became popular. Western instruments such as the piano, violin and guitar began to be used in Indian music. The harmonium was also adapted from a Western instrument.. (ii) Dance In pre-British India, dance was usually performed in temples and in royal courts. During British rule, social reformers campaigned against the devadasi system, under which women dancers in temples were exploited. In the nineteenth century, the various classical dances were gradually developed as forms of secular art. They began to be performed on stage in public. Some dancers developed new styles by merging different techniques. Uday Shankar, for example, developed a unique style by merging Western and traditional Indian techniques. He selected themes based on Indian mythology and current political issues."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write about these (During British Rule): (i) Music (ii) Dance"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Rise of Indian Nationalism","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Lucknow; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The moderates and the extremist united at the __________________ session of the congress."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Rise of Indian Nationalism","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["1914-1918"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The first world war was broke out during __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Rise of Indian Nationalism","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Mahadev Govind Ranade was a extremist leader."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Rise of Indian Nationalism","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Surendra Nath Bannerjee was a moderate leader."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Rise of Indian Nationalism","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Lala Lajpat Rai raised the powerful slogan\u00e2\u20ac\u201c \u00e2\u20ac\u0153Freedom is my birthright and I shall have it\"."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Rise of Indian Nationalism","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Indian councils Act of 1909, is also known as Morley-Minto reform."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Rise of Indian Nationalism","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["\u00e2\u20ac\u0153Aamar Sonar Bangla\u00e2\u20ac\u009d is the National Anthem of Bangladesh."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Rise of Indian Nationalism","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Do yourself"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write briefly about swadeshi and boycott."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Rise of Indian Nationalism","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["In 1916, the moderates and the extremists united at the Lucknow session of the congress. At the same time, the congress and the Muslim league joined the Lucknow pact. They demanded self-government for India, although based on separate electorates. These developments strengthened the National Movement."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Why was the Lucknow Session of the congress in 1916 important?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Rise of Indian Nationalism","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["In 1916, the moderates and the extremists united at the Lucknow session of the congress. At the same time, the congress and the Muslim league joined the Lucknow pact. They demanded self-government for India, although based on separate electorates. These developments strengthened the National Movement."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Why was the Lucknow Session of the congress in 1916 important?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Rise of Indian Nationalism","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["In order to weaken the Indian National Movement, the British had started playing a game of &#039;Divide and Rule&#039; to separate the Hindu and the Muslims. This led to the formation of Muslim league in 1906. The league showed its separatist tendencies when it supported the partition of Bengal and also started requesting the British to give the Muslims a separate electorate"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["When and by whom was the Muslim league established ? What was its objectives?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Rise of Indian Nationalism","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Many of the policies of Viceroy Lord Curzon went against the interests of the Indians and angered the extremists. Bengal, an important centre of the National Movement, was at that time a very large presidency comprising present Bangladesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Assam and Parts of Orissa. Curzon partitioned Begnal in 1905 on the pretext "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Why did the British partition Bengal?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Rise of Indian Nationalism","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The differences in the policies and methods of the moderates and extremists finally led to a split between the two in the Surat Session of the Indian National Congress in 1907. The Congress remained under the control of the moderates, while the extremists were excluded."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What was the importance of the Congress Session at Surat in 1907. Life Skills and Val"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Rise of Indian Nationalism","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Among the following leaders, who were moderates?<br>\t a. Tilak and Aurobindo Ghosh <br>\t b. Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai <br>\t c. Dadabhai Naoroji and G.K. Gokhle <br>\t d. Lala Lajpat Rai and Bipin Chandra Pal "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Rise of Indian Nationalism","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Who said \u00e2\u20ac\u0153Freedom is my birthright and I shall have it\u00e2\u20ac\u009d?<br>\t a. Bal Gangadhar Tilak<br>\t b. Lala Lajpat Rai <br>\t c. Aurobindo Ghosh <br>\t d. Dadabhai Naoroji "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Rise of Indian Nationalism","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Lord Curzon played a major role in :<br>\t a. the Lucknow Pact<br>\t b. the partition of Benga<br>\t c. the formation of the Indian National Congress <br>\t d. None of the above "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Rise of Indian Nationalism","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The moderates and the extremists parted ways in 1907 because:<br>\t a. the extremists wanted to use swadeshi and boycott outside Bengal, but the moderates did  not.<br>\t b. unlike the extremists, the moderates did not accept swaraj as the congress goal. <br>\t c. the extremists did not want to use swadeshi and boycott outside Bengal. <br>\t d. the moderates accepted boycott, but not swadeshi as a method of agitation. "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Rise of Indian Nationalism","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Lucknow Session was held in the year:<br>\t a. 1912<br>\t b. 1914<br>\t c. 1916<br>\t d. 1918 "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Rise of Indian Nationalism","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["colonial rule; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["British __________________ brought India under uniform laws and a unified administration."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Rise of Indian Nationalism","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["moderate;"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Surendra Nath Bannerjee was a __________________ leader."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Rise of Indian Nationalism","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["1905; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Lord Curzon partitioned Bengal in __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on:<br>\t a. 2 October 1869<br>\t b. 3 December 1867 <br>\t c. 5 January 1872 <br>\t d. 8 August 1874 "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on:<br>\t a. 2 October 1869<br>\t b. 3 December 1867 <br>\t c. 5 January 1872 <br>\t d. 8 August 1874 "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["On February 1922, a procession of peasants at Chauri-Chaura in __________________ was fired upon by the police.<br>\t a. Uttar Pradesh<br>\t b. Madhya Pradesh <br>\t c. Bihar <br>\t d. Jharkhand "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Lala Lajpat Rai, popularly known as the :<br>\t a. Rajasthan Kesari <br>\t b. Sher-e-Punjab<br>\t c. Deen Bandhu<br>\t d. None of these "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Muslim League fixed 16th August as the day for:<br>\t a. Delhi Chalo <br>\t b. Direct Action<br>\t c. Karo ya Maro <br>\t d. None of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Who was the first Governor General of Pakistan?<br>\t a. Muhammad Ali Jinnah <br>\t b. Abdul Jafar <br>\t c. Vasim Jaafar<br>\t d. Muhammad Shaami "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["1915; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Gandhiji returned to India in __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Swaraj;"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru formed the __________________ party."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["civil disobedience; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Gandhiji began the __________________ movement with a satyagraha against the salt law."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Mahatma Gandhi;"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["__________________ gave the people the motto of \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcDo or die\u00e2\u20ac\u2122."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Cabinet Mission"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In February 1946, the British Government sent the __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In March 1916, the Rowlatt Act was passed."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Bhagat Singh and B.K. Dutt threw a bomb in the central legislative assembly on 8th April 1929."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["On 31st December 1934, the newly adopted tri-colour flag of freedom was hoisted."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan took the title Frontier Gandhi."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The British government organised the First Round Table conference in 1930."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"Match the following","answer":["1. (b); 2. (d); 3. (c); 4. (a)"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Match the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":[""],"image":"17091141051.png"}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["In 1916, the moderates and the extremists united at the Lucknow session of the congress. At the same time, the congress and the Muslim league joined the Lucknow pact. They demanded self-government for India, although based on separate electorates. These developments strengthened the National Movement."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Explain the following terms :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Lucknow Pact"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["The Indian statutory commission was popularly known as the Simon Commission, after its chairman sir John Simon. It had seven other members from the British parliament. This all white commission created on immediate angry response in India. The Indians viewed the exclusion of Indians as an effort to their self-respect. The Congress emphasised that Indians were entitled to determine their own constitution."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Explain the following terms :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Simon Commission"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Throughout the war, there was an intense political activity. While on the one hand the government tried to appease Indian leaders, on the other it followed a policy of repression. Hundreds of people were sent to jail and imprisoned. The Montagu-Chelmsford report failed to satisfy the people. To check the growing unrest, the government passed the Rowlatt Act in spite of the opposition of the elected members of central legislative assembly. In March 1919, the Rowlatt Act was passed under which the government could arrest anyone without a warrant and imprison him without a trial."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Explain the following terms :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Rowlatt Act"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["After the withdrawl of the non-cooperation, Khilafat Movement, some congressmen led by C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru formed the Swaraj party, a party within the congress. They decided to fight the elections to the legislative councils. Enter in legislative council and put forward their demands and oppose the government if their demand was not fulfilled."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Explain the following terms :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Swaraj Party"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["On 10 April, 1919, two nationalist leaders- Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr. Satya Pal were arrested in Punjab. On 13th April, 1919, people gathered in a small park in Amritsar which was called the Jallianwala Bagh, to protest against these arrests. The peaceful gathering was attended by men, women and children. General O Dyer, a British military officer, stationed a regiment of soldiers at the only entrance of the park. He declared the meeting illegal and without warning ordered his soldiers to fire. The firing lasted for ten minutes, till all the ammunition was exhausted. More than a thousand people were killed and over two thousands wounded."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write a note on the Jallianwala Bagh massacre."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["On 10 April, 1919, two nationalist leaders- Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr. Satya Pal were arrested in Punjab. On 13th April, 1919, people gathered in a small park in Amritsar which was called the Jallianwala Bagh, to protest against these arrests. The peaceful gathering was attended by men, women and children. General O Dyer, a British military officer, stationed a regiment of soldiers at the only entrance of the park. He declared the meeting illegal and without warning ordered his soldiers to fire. The firing lasted for ten minutes, till all the ammunition was exhausted. More than a thousand people were killed and over two thousands wounded."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write a note on the Jallianwala Bagh massacre."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["In 1920, congress launched an All India Movement involving all sections of the Indian society. The movement was to be based on satyagraha and its aims were the rectification of the wrongs done to Punjab and Turkey and attainment of Swaraj."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["When and why was the Non-cooperation movement launched? Why was it abruptly suspended?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Gandhiji began the Civil Disobedience Movement with a satyagraha against the salt law. Under this law, nobody could manufacture salt in India without government permission. Gandhiji decided to start the movement by breaking this law, as salt was used by everybody and would unite all sections of the people cutting across barriers of class, caste and religion. He undertook the Dandi March a 385-km walk which began at Sabarmati Ashram on 12th March 1930 and ended at the coastal village of Dandi on 6 April 1930."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Why did Gandhiji choose to break the salt law?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Gandhiji began the Civil Disobedience Movement with a satyagraha against the salt law. Under this law, nobody could manufacture salt in India without government permission. Gandhiji decided to start the movement by breaking this law, as salt was used by everybody and would unite all sections of the people cutting across barriers of class, caste and religion. He undertook the Dandi March a 385-km walk which began at Sabarmati Ashram on 12th March 1930 and ended at the coastal village of Dandi on 6 April 1930."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Why did Gandhiji choose to break the salt law?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Gandhiji wanted immediate British withdrawl from India, on 8 August 1942, the Quit India Resolution was adopted at the congress session in Bombay- Gandhiji gave the people the motto of \"Do or die,\" that is, either free India or die in the attempt. On 9 August, the members of the congress working committee were arrested and the congress was banned. The Quit India Movement began the next day. People destroyed symbols of British authority such as rail tracks, Post offices and police stations. They set up parallel governments in various parts of India, as in Bengal, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Tamil Nadu. Seven young students were shot dead in Patna while trying to hoist the national flag at the secretariat. The congress worked by sending messages through secret radio transmissions. Ram Manohar Lohia, Aruna Asaf Ali, Sucheta Kripalani and Jaiprakash Narayan were among the leaders who led the movement at this time. Although the movement was brought under control by September 1942, it shook the foundations of the British Rule in India. "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Briefly describe the Quit India Movement."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"National Movement-Fulfilment","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The movement had spread among the masses. Thousand of peasants in UP and Bengal joined the movement and refused to pay illegal dues to the zamindars. In Assam tea plantation laboures went on strike. In Kerala, the Moplahs or Muslim peasants started a powerful anti-zamindar movement. In Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu liquor shops were picketed. In Andhra Pradesh, tribals and poor peasants violated the forest laws made by British and started sending their cattle for grazing into the forests."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Describe the programme of the Non-cooperation movement."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Indian Constitution","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The constitutional assembly first met on:<br>\t a. 9th Sep. 1945 <br>\t b. 9th Dec., 1946 <br>\t c. 30th Aug. 1942<br>\t d. 9th Oct. 1946 "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Indian Constitution","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The procedure of amendment of constitution is laid down in Article :<br>\t a. 360<br>\t b. 365 <br>\t c. 368 <br>\t d. 370"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Indian Constitution","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["India\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s constitution begins with an introduction called the :<br>\t a. Preamble<br>\t b. Fundamental Rights<br>\t c. Fundamental Duties<br>\t d. Directive Principles "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Indian Constitution","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The constitution framed by the assembly came into force on:<br>\t a. 15th Aug, 1947 <br>\t b. 26th Jan, 1950<br>\t c. 9th Dec, 1946<br>\t d. 5th Nov, 1952 "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Indian Constitution","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which country has the lengthiest written document (Constitution) in the world?<br>\t a. India <br>\t b. China<br>\t c. USA <br>\t d. Japan"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Indian Constitution","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["flexible; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The Indian constitution is both rigid and __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Indian Constitution","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["judiciary;"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The three organs of the Indian Government are : Legislature, Executive and __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Indian Constitution","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["sovereign; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["India is a __________________ nation."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Indian Constitution","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["March 12, 1930;"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["On __________________ Gandhi ji embarked on the historic Dandi March."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Indian Constitution","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["two"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The federal form government usually has __________________ tiers of government."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Indian Constitution","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The constitution of India provides for an elected head of state who is known as the Prime Minister."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Indian Constitution","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["A country is governed on the basis of some rules and principles."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Indian Constitution","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The Indian constitution can be amended by a 2\/3rd majority present in both the houses."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Indian Constitution","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Fundamental Rights are mentioned in part IVth of the Indian Constitution."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Indian Constitution","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["India is a land of diverse people."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Indian Constitution","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Fraternity India is a land of diverse people. Within the country there are a large number of groups having different cultures, traditions and languages, To ensure that they can all live in harmony as one nation, it is important to develop the sense of brotherhood among them. So, the constitution promotes fraternity to strengthen the unity and integrity of the nation. The constitution also aims to remove caste discrimination, untouchability and all other practice that threaten the dignity of individuals and gives rise to ill feeling among different sections of the society"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write about these terms :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Fraternity"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Indian Constitution","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Fraternity India is a land of diverse people. Within the country there are a large number of groups having different cultures, traditions and languages, To ensure that they can all live in harmony as one nation, it is important to develop the sense of brotherhood among them. So, the constitution promotes fraternity to strengthen the unity and integrity of the nation. The constitution also aims to remove caste discrimination, untouchability and all other practice that threaten the dignity of individuals and gives rise to ill feeling among different sections of the society"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write about these terms :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Fraternity"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Indian Constitution","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Socialist: India&#039;s constitution upholds the ideal of socialism, which seeks to give everyone equal opportunities to use the country&#039;s resources. In the long run, this will help reduce the gap between the rich and the poor."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write about these terms :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Socialist"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Indian Constitution","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Secular: India is a secular country. This means that all religions are treated equally in India. There is no state religion. So, no religion is considered more important than others. (Here, &#039;state&#039; does not mean the government. It means a sovereign and organised group of people who live with in definite territory such as a country and are administered by one government. So, if we could think of the state as an organisation, the government would be its management team.)"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write about these terms :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Secular"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Indian Constitution","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Sovereign India is a sovereign nation. This means that it is independent and has the right to take its own decision in all matters, internal and external."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write about these terms :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Sovereign"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Indian Constitution","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["A country is governed on the basis of some rules and principles. These determine the structure of the government, its powers and functions, the rights of the people, and so on. The rules and principle which determine how a country is governed and which give its citizens certain rights from the constitution of the country."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is Constitution?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Indian Constitution","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["India&#039;s constitution begins with an introduction called the preamble. The preamble states the ideals that the nation should follow."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Define \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcPreamble\u00e2\u20ac\u2122."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Indian Constitution","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Do it yourself."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is Right to Freedom?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Indian Constitution","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Do it yourself."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Describe all the fundamental rights enjoyed by the Indian citizen."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Indian Constitution","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Key features of Indian Constitution Listed below are some of the key features of the Indian Constitution- (i) Most Comprehensively Written Constitution-The Indian Constitution is the lengthiest Written document (constitution) in the world. H. U. Kamath mentioned in the constituent Assembly that our constitution is the bulkiest in the world. The huge size of the constitution can be understood if we keep in our mind, the vastness of the country and the problems faced at the time of Independence. (ii) Rigid as well as flexible constitution: The Indian constitution is both rigid and flexible. It can be easily amended. The procedure of amendment of constitution is laid down in Article 368. (iii) Federalism: It is the key feature of the Indian constitution. The federal form government usually has two tiers of government. One at central level and the other at state level. India has adopted a federal form of system which provides popular representation at grass-root levels. This means the responsibility of governing the country will be divided into more than one level of government. In a federal form of government, both the levels of government i.e. central government at national level and state government at provincial level, have their separate jurisdiction and each tier enjoys the power independent of each other. (iv) Parliamentary Form of Government: The Constitution of India provides for the establishment of a parliamentary form of government in which the entire administration is carried out in the name of the president of India. But the actual power remains with the Prime Minister. Thus, the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers is collectively answerable to the parliament. The moment when a no-confidence motion is passed against the government in the parliament, the government has to resign. (v) Division of Power: The three organs of the Indian Government are: Legislature, Executive and Judiciary. The powers of the three organs are well defined under the constitution which ensure the following: (i) No organ can exercise unlimited power. (ii) Each organ can check the powers of the others. This has resulted in a balance of power among various organs of the government. (vi) Fundamental Rights: Fundamental Rights protect the citizens of India against the arbitrary and absolute exercise of power by the state. The constitution of India guarantees the rights of the individual against the state as well as against the other individuals. Our constitutional experts included a separate unit on Fundamental Rights in Part III of the Indian Constitution. (vii) Secularism: It is also one of the most essential features of Indian Constitution. According to the Indian Constitution, it is mandatory that the nature of the Indian State will be secular, which means that the state should not officially promote any religion."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Describe the key features of the Indian constitution."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Indian Constitution","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["On March 12, 1930 Gandhi ji embarked on the historic Dandi March which lasted twenty-four days. People surged forward in large numbers to join the satyagrahis at different places. Gandhi ji and his followers on reaching Dandi broke the salt law and made salt openly defying the British monopoly. In a press statement, Gandhi ji urged people everywhere to violate the salt law.  The defiance of salt law became symbolic of the power of Satyagraha. The salt satyagraha was not only executed in defiance of law but it marked the desire of the Indians to gain independence which India did 17 years after the satyagraha."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["How was salt satyagraha an expression of the will of people? What was its real aim ?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Our Fundamental Rights and Duties","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The fundamental rights are included in this part of the Indian constitution :<br>\t a. 1st part<br>\t b. IInd part <br>\t c. IIIrd part<br>\t d. IVth part "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Our Fundamental Rights and Duties","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which article guarantees the right to move to the Supreme Court for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights?<br>\t a. 25<br>\t b. 28<br>\t c. 32<br>\t d. 35"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Our Fundamental Rights and Duties","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["\u00e2\u20ac\u02dcCertiorari\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 word is taken from the language of :<br>\t a. Hindi<br>\t b. Latin<br>\t c. English <br>\t d. None of these "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Our Fundamental Rights and Duties","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["How many writs are there?<br>\t a. 2<br>\t b. 3<br>\t c. 4<br>\t d. 5"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Our Fundamental Rights and Duties","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The fulfilment of the Fundamental Rights are :<br>\t a. voluntary<br>\t b. compulsory<br>\t c. oftently<br>\t d. none of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Our Fundamental Rights and Duties","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The fulfilment of the Fundamental Rights are :<br>\t a. voluntary<br>\t b. compulsory<br>\t c. oftently<br>\t d. none of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Our Fundamental Rights and Duties","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["law;"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["All the citizens are equal before __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Our Fundamental Rights and Duties","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["India; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["__________________ is a land of many religions."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Our Fundamental Rights and Duties","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Supreme Court and High Court; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["__________________ are empowered by the constitution of India to issue writs for the enforcement of the Fundamental Rights."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Our Fundamental Rights and Duties","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["two;"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The Union Government has set up __________________ central advisory boards for the tribal welfare and harijan welfare."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Our Fundamental Rights and Duties","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["6, 14"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The Fundamental Duties ensure to give opportunities for education to children, own or adopted, aged between __________________ and __________________ years."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Our Fundamental Rights and Duties","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In India, law discriminates between rich and poor."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Our Fundamental Rights and Duties","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In India, law discriminates between rich and poor."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Our Fundamental Rights and Duties","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In India, any citizen can adopt any religion."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Our Fundamental Rights and Duties","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["India is a small country."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Our Fundamental Rights and Duties","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcArticle 16\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 provides \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcUntouchability\u00e2\u20ac\u2122."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Our Fundamental Rights and Duties","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["All the citizens of India have the right to assemble peacefully."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Our Fundamental Rights and Duties","type":"Match the following","answer":["1. (b); 2. (a); 3. (d); 4. (c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Match the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":[""],"image":"17091163701.png"}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Our Fundamental Rights and Duties","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The Indian Constitution provides equality in the following ways: (a) All the citizens are equal before law. Law does not discriminate between rich and poor or black and white, etc. (b) All citizens will have equal opportunity for government jobs. However, some seats are reserved for SCs, STs and OBCs. (c) Untouchability will not be tolerated in any form."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Explain any three aspects of the Right to Equality."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Our Fundamental Rights and Duties","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Yes. "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Are fundamental duties necessary ?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Our Fundamental Rights and Duties","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["(i) Right to Equality (ii) Right to Freedom (iii) Right against exploitation"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write any three freedoms enjoyed by the Indian citizens"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Our Fundamental Rights and Duties","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["These duties are: (a) to abide by the constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the national flag and the national anthem. (b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom. (c) to uphold and protect, the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India. (d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so. (e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India disregarding religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities and not to show disrespect to women. (f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture. (g) to protect and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to be kind to all living creatures. (h) to develop scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of enquiry and reform. (i) to safeguard public property and to give up violence. (j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity, so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of efforts and achievements. (k) to give opportunities for education to children, own or adopted, aged between 6 and 14 years."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What are the Fundamental Duties given in the Indian Constitution?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Our Fundamental Rights and Duties","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["There are six fundamental rights. These are: (i) Right to Equality (ii) Right to Freedom (iii) Right to Freedom of Religion (iv) Right Against Exploitation (v) Right to constitutional Remedies (vi) Cultural and Educational Rights."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What are the Fundamental rights given in the Indian Constitution?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Our Fundamental Rights and Duties","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Citizens belonging to weaker sections particularly of those tribes and castes who were for centuries under privileged have been provided by the Indian Constitution some safe guards to protect them and their interests and uplift them. They are the following: Reservation in the appointment and Promotion in the Public Services. Under this provision there is 15% of reservation for scheduled castes and 7.5 percent reservations for scheduled tribes in government services. The provision for reservation was introduced as a transitional measure initially for ten years only. But this period has been extended from time to time and continuing till date. \u00e2\u017e\u00a1 Special representation in Parliament and state legislatures. Under this the number of reserved seats in Lok Sabha for scheduled castes and scheduled Tribes are 78 and 30 respectively. Adequate representation of the SCs and STs by reserving seats for them in the local bodies, like panchayats. Setting up of tribal advisory councils, separate department in the states and appointment of a special officer at the centre to promote their welfare and safe guard their interest. The Union Government has set up two Central Advisory Boards for the tribal welfare and harijan welfare. The state governments have also set up welfare departments to monitor their overall development. To ensure the adequate representation of weaker sections in government services several concessions like relaxation in age, fee and qualification and free pre-examination coaching by the government run centres have also been provided."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What efforts have been made by the government for the safeguard of marginalised communities?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Legislature","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["India became free in :<br>\t a. 1942 <br>\t b. 1945 <br>\t c. 1947 <br>\t d. 1950 "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Legislature","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["India\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s Union Legislature is known as the :<br>\t a. Parliament <br>\t b. Rashtrapati Bhawan <br>\t c. Rajya Sabha <br>\t d. Lok Sabha "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Legislature","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The Lok Sabha is also known as the :<br>\t a. Council of States<br>\t b. House of the People<br>\t c. Upper House<br>\t d. None of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Legislature","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The present strength of Lok Sabha is :<br>\t a. 520<br>\t b. 525 <br>\t c. 530<br>\t d. 545"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Legislature","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The sessions of the Lok Sabha are summoned by the :<br>\t a. President <br>\t b. Prime Minister<br>\t c. Vice-President<br>\t d. None of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Legislature","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Supreme Court; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["__________________ is the highest law making body in the country."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Legislature","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["President; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The Parliament of India consists of the __________________ and the two houses."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Legislature","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Universal Adult Franchise; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["__________________ is the keynote of the Indian electoral system."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Legislature","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["speaker; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The Presiding Officer of the Lok Sabha is called __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Legislature","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["speaker; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The Presiding Officer of the Lok Sabha is called __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Legislature","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["five years"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The normal term of a Speaker is of __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Legislature","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["five years"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The normal term of a Speaker is of __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Legislature","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Lok Sabha member should not be less than 35 years."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Legislature","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["There should not be an interval of more than six months between the two sessions of Lok Sabha."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Legislature","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["A member of the Lok Sabha may vacate his seat simply by writing a letter to the Speaker."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Legislature","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["A member of the Lok Sabha may vacate his seat simply by writing a letter to the Speaker."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Legislature","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Speaker is elected soon after the newly elected House meets for the first time."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Legislature","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Prime Minister decides whether a particular bill is a money bill or not."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Legislature","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["1. The Presiding Officer of the Lok Sabha is called the Speaker. He is elected soon after the newly elected house meets for the first time. The Deputy speaker who officiates as speaker in the absence of the latter, is also elected by the house. They are chosen by the Lok Sabha from amongst its own members. The constitution provides that when the house is dissolved the speaker shall not vacate his office. He continues in office until a new speaker is elected by the newly elected Lok Sabha in its first meeting. The normal term of a speaker is of five years.  2. Money Bill: The Money Bill originates in the Lok Sabha. The Upper House (Rajya Sabha) has no power to delay it by more than 14 days or bring a change in it. The Rajya Sabha may suggest some changes in the format of the Money Bill, but the Lok Sabha is not bound to accept these changes. Later it is sent for the President&#039;s approval. 3. Ordinary Bill: This bill can be introduced in any of the house of the parliament. It can be introduced by a minister or any private member of the house."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Explain the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["1. Speaker 2. Money Bill 3. Ordinary Bill"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Legislature","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The Parliament of India consists of the President and the two houses- The Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the people)"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Name the two houses of the Indian Parliament."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Legislature","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The Presiding officer of the Lok Sabha is called the Speaker. His normal term is of five years."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Who is the Presiding Officer of the Lok Sabha ?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Legislature","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["5 years"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is the tenure of the Lok Sabha ?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Legislature","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Money Bill: The Money Bill originates in the Lok Sabha. The Upper House (Rajya Sabha) has no power to delay it by more than 14 days or bring a change in it. The Rajya Sabha may suggest some changes in the format of the Money Bill, but the Lok Sabha is not bound to accept these changes. Later it is sent for the President&#039;s approval. Ordinary Bill: This bill can be introduced in any of the house of the parliament. It can be introduced by a minister or any private member of the house."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Explain the difference between Money Bill and an Ordinary Bill."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Legislature","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The Rajya Sabha is the upper house of parliament. It can have up to 250 members, including 12 members nominated by the president of India. At present, the Rajya Sabha has 245 members 12 nominated and 233 elected. The elected members represent the states and union territories. More populous states have more members representing them. The members representing a state are elected by the elected members of the state legislative assembly. The representatives of the union territories are elected according to rules made by the parliament. The members nominated by the President are distinguished authors, journalists, economists, jurists, scientists, social workers and so on."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What do you mean by Rajya Sabha ? Write its composition."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Legislature","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Qualifications of the Members: A person must have the following qualifications in order to seek membership of the Lok Sabha. (i) He should be a citizen of India. (ii) He should not be less than 25 years of age. (iii) He should not be a proclaimed criminal. (iv) He should have his name in the electoral rolls in some part of the country. (v) The person should not be a direct beneficiary of the government and should not hold an office of profit under the government. (vi) No person can be a member of both houses of parliament at the same time."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What qualifications are required by the Lok Sabha members ?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Executive","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The system of government we have in India, is a :<br>\t a. Parliamentary system <br>\t b. Monarchy system <br>\t c. Dictatorship system <br>\t d. None of these "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Executive","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Who is the nominal head of the Executive?<br>\t a. Prime Minister<br>\t b. President<br>\t c. Governor<br>\t d. Chief Justice of India "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Executive","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In India, the President is elected for a fixed period of :<br>\t a. 4 years <br>\t b. 5 years <br>\t c. 6 years <br>\t d. 7 years "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Executive","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Who was the first President of India?<br>\t a. Jawaharlal Nehru <br>\t b.  V.V. Giri  <br>\t c. Dr. Rajendra Prasad <br>\t d. Dr. Zakir Hussain "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Executive","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which article of the constitution provides a Vice-Persident for the Indian Union?<br>\t a. Art 60<br>\t b. Art 61<br>\t c. Art 62 <br>\t d. Art 63"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Executive","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["President acts as a chain between the Council of Ministers and Governor."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Executive","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["On Prime Minister\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s advice, the President can dissolve the Lok Sabha."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Executive","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The Council of Ministers consists of three types of ministers."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Executive","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The President of India is the constitutional head of the state."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Executive","type":"Match the following","answer":["1. (b); 2. (a); 3. (d); 4. (c); 5. (e)"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Match the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":[""],"image":"17091188361.png"}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Executive","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["1962; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The National Emergency was declared first time in __________________ in India."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Executive","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["five years; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Normal term of office of the Vice-President is __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Executive","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["1,25,000 pm; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Present salary of Vice-President is __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Executive","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Prime Minister; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_________________ of India is the real head of the executive."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Executive","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Indira Gandhi"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["__________________ was the first woman Prime Minister of India."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Executive","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Anybody who is to aspire for this office, must not hold any office of profit under any of the Governments, within territory of India. Secondly, he must not be a member of either house of parliament or of an House of state legislature. If he already happens to be a member, he tenders resignation before he\/she assumes office of this August office. Normal term of office of the Vice-President is five years."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["How is Vice-President elected? What is his tenure?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Executive","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Under following conditions President can use his\/her emergency powers: In case of financial crisis. In case of failure of constitutional machinery. When there is a danger of foreign aggression."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What are the three different situations when the President of India can use his emergency powers?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Executive","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Financial Powers No Money Bill can be introduced in the parliament without his\/her prior permission. He\/She has the power to sanction money from contingency fund."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["State three financial powers of the President of India."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Executive","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The system of government we have in India, is a parliamentary system. In this system the Executive is in constant touch with the legislature. Actually, it is a part of it. In India, the President is the nominal head of the Executive. Formally, all business of the government is carried on in the name of the President, the constitutional head of the state. All powers are also formally given to him. However, the actual decisions which the President normally signs, are not taken by him. They are mostly made by the Council of Ministers and at the head of the council, is the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is the head of the government."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write the composition of the Union Executive."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Parliamentary Government : The Union Executive","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Powers of the President: The President is the head of the Indian Republic. He enjoys vast powers. Some of his\/her powers are listed below: Executive Powers: The executive powers enjoyed by the President of India are: Being the head of the state, he\/she makes all the important official appointments. He\/She administrates all the union territories. All the treaties are signed in his\/her name. Judicial Powers He\/She appoints the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and High Court and other judges of the Supreme Court and High Court. He\/She is not answerable before any court of law for the discharge of his\/ her duties. He\/She has the power to grant reprieve, remission of punishment or reduce a sentence. Legislative Powers The President summons and prorogues the parliament twice in a year. He\/She has the power to dissolve the Lok Sabha. No bill can become a law without his\/her approval. He\/She has the power to issue ordinance when both the houses of parliament are not in session. Financial Powers No Money Bill can be introduced in the parliament without his\/her prior permission. He\/She has the power to sanction money from contingency fund. Emergency Powers: Under following conditions he\/she can use his\/her emergency powers: In case of financial crisis."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write all the powers of the President of India."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Judiciary","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The judiciary is the organ of government that interprets:<br>\t a. the law <br>\t b. the administration  <br>\t c.  the games <br>\t d. social progress "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Judiciary","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which of the following is at the apex of judicial system:<br>\t a. High Court  <br>\t b. Supreme Court  <br>\t c.  Lok Adalat <br>\t d. None of these "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Judiciary","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["A high court is headed by a :<br>\t a. Chief justice <br>\t b. Magistrate<br>\t c. Sarpanch <br>\t d. Judge "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Judiciary","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is appointed by the:<br>\t a. President <br>\t b. Prime Minister <br>\t c. Governor <br>\t d. None of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Judiciary","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["A high court judge retires at the age of :<br>\t a. 60<br>\t b. 62<br>\t c. 65<br>\t d. 70"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Judiciary","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["high; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The highest court in a state is the __________________ court."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Judiciary","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["districts;"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["A state is divided into smaller administrative divisions called __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Judiciary","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["subjudge; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Civil cases may begin either in the court of the munsif or in the court of the __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Judiciary","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["President;"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["A person sentenced to death by the Supreme Court may appeal to the _______________ for mercy."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Judiciary","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Judiciary"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["__________________ consists of a system of courts."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Judiciary","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":" Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["India has a single unified judicial system."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Judiciary","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":" Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The chief justice of the Supreme Court is appointed on the advice of the Prime Minister."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Judiciary","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":" Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Supreme Court\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s judge should not be a citizen of India."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Judiciary","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":" Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["A judge may also resign from his post by writing to the President of India."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Judiciary","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":" Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Nyaya Panchayats are small, village level courts that hear and settle petty cases."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Judiciary","type":"Match the following","answer":["1. (e); 2. (a); 3. (c); 4. (b); 5. (d)"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Match the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":[""],"image":"17091197171.png"}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Judiciary","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Court of Record: The Supreme Court keeps records of all its decision so that lower courts can consult these in similar cases. A court that keeps such records is a court of record."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write short notes on the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Court of Records"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Judiciary","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["In order to become the judge of the supreme court, a candidate :- (i) should be a citizen of India. (ii) must have an experience of working as an advocate for at least 10 years in High Court or he\/she should have served as a judge of High Court for 5 years. (iii) must be a distinguished jurist in the eyes of the President."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write short notes on the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Qualifications of Judges"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Judiciary","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The supreme court is at the apex of this judicial system. Below the supreme court are the state High Courts and at the lowest rung of the ladder are subordinate courts at the district and tehsil levels. The Supreme Court exercises supervision and control over the entire judicial system of the country. Appointment of Judge: The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is appointed by the President of India, on the advice of the Prime Minister. The other judges are appointed with the consultation of the Chief Justice. Qualifications for becoming a judge of the Supreme Court. In order to become the judge of the supreme court, a candidate :- (i) should be a citizen of India. (ii) must have an experience of working as an advocate for at least 10 years in High Court or he\/she should have served as a judge of High Court for 5 years. (iii) must be a distinguished jurist in the eyes of the President."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write the composition of the Supreme Court. What are the qualifications for its judges?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Judiciary","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Lok Adalat is a special kind of people&#039;s court in which some particular kind of disputes are sought to be kept separate and efforts are made to solve the disputes by direct talk between the litigants. The speciality of these courts is that in these courts the cooperation of social workers, workers and students of law are also procured, Lok Adalats try to solve simple differences; which otherwise are likely to have far reaching consequences through mutual understanding and compromise. In regard to the sitting of the Lok Adalats, the government declares the date, place, time and the name of the judge, well in advance and the litigations are also declared which are to be taken up the decided upon. Lok Adalats are presided over by judicial officers and other persons who possess such qualifications as may prescribed by the state. They bring about compromise or agreement between the parties. Lok Adalats were held in Delhi on October 6, 1985. Justice PN Bhagwati inaugurated the Adalats on the very first day, 116 persons received compensation of Rs. 35 lakhs. Some of the beneficiaries have been contesting the cases since 1978-79."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is meant by a Lok Adalat? How do Lok Adalats function?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"The Judiciary","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The supreme court is at the apex of this judicial system. Below the supreme court are the state High Courts and at the lowest rung of the ladder are subordinate courts at the district and tehsil levels. So we can say that India has a single unified judicial system."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["India has a single unified judicial system. Explain this statement briefly."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Marginalised Groups and Social Justice","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which article states that every citizen should be treated equally without any discrimination?<br>\t a. Art. 15 <br>\t b. Art. 16 <br>\t c. Art. 17 <br>\t d. Art. 18 "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Marginalised Groups and Social Justice","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which commission is responsible to safeguard the interest of minorities?<br>\t a. National Development Commission <br>\t b. National Commission for Minorities  <br>\t c. National Resource Development<br>\t d. None of these "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Marginalised Groups and Social Justice","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["\u00e2\u20ac\u02dcHarijans\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 means:<br>\t a. The People of God <br>\t b. The People of India  <br>\t c. The People of War <br>\t d. None of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Marginalised Groups and Social Justice","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option d"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Through which act, the term \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcscheduled castes\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 came into use?<br>\t a. The Government of India Act, 1919 <br>\t b. The Government of India Act, 1909  <br>\t c. The Government of India Act, 1891 <br>\t d. The Government of India Act, 1935 "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Marginalised Groups and Social Justice","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which of the following comprise 8 percent of the total population of the country.<br>\t a. Scheduled Castes<br>\t b. Scheduled Tribes  <br>\t c. General Castes <br>\t d. OBC\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Marginalised Groups and Social Justice","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["untouchability; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Article 17 states that __________________ is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Marginalised Groups and Social Justice","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Harijans;"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Mahatma Gandhi declared that the untouchables were __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Marginalised Groups and Social Justice","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["law; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Marginalised groups generally have __________________ social status."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Marginalised Groups and Social Justice","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["disadvantaged; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Marginalised groups are often economically __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Marginalised Groups and Social Justice","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["52%"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["According to the Mandal Commission\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s report, OBCs account for __________ of the total population."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Marginalised Groups and Social Justice","type":"Match the following","answer":["1. (c); 2. (b); 3. (d); 4. (a)"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Match the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":[""],"image":"17091203611.png"}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Marginalised Groups and Social Justice","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Social inequality does not exist in India."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Marginalised Groups and Social Justice","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The constitution of India provides safeguards to protect and promote the intersects of SCs,  STs and OBCs."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Marginalised Groups and Social Justice","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The constitution of India provides safeguards to protect and promote the intersects of SCs,  STs and OBCs."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Marginalised Groups and Social Justice","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["There are not any welfare measures for the minorities in India."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Marginalised Groups and Social Justice","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Under the caste system, people doing certain types of jobs were treated as outcastes."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Marginalised Groups and Social Justice","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["In a society, members who are not given importance and have no power to influence decisions are considered marginalised groups."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What are marginalised groups?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Marginalised Groups and Social Justice","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["(i) The Constitution of India does not clearly define the term &#039;Scheduled Caste&#039; but simply we can say that the castes which were formerly treated as untouchables are now known in the society as &#039;Scheduled Castes&#039;. (ii) The scheduled tribes comprise 8 percent of the total population of the country. Since ages schedule tribes people is living under miserable condition and facing unbearable disabilities. They grow under grinding poverty and appalling illiteracy. They are denied even basic amenities of life."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Define the following terms:  (a) Scheduled Castes (b) Scheduled Tribes"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Marginalised Groups and Social Justice","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The Constitution of India does not clearly define the backward classes. But generally speaking, these are the weaker sections of the society like scheduled castes and scheduled tribes."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is meant by OBCs?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Marginalised Groups and Social Justice","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Five religious communities Viz Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists and Zoroastrians (Parsis) have been notified as minorities as per provision under the National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["When was the first Backward Commission set up?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Marginalised Groups and Social Justice","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Our constitution makers were well-aware of the injustice done to both schedules castes and scheduled tribes, so, they made certain constitutional provisions to safeguard the interest of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. Some of them are listed below: (i) Article 15: It states that every citizen should be treated equally without any discrimination. (ii) Article 17: It states that untouchability is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden. The enforcement of any disability arising out the untouchability shall be a punishable offence.(iii) Article 46: Article 46 of the Indian Constitution states that it is the foremost duty of the state to protect all the sections of the society from social injustice and all forms of exploitation. (iv) Article 164: According to Article 164 of the Indian Constitution, the state of Bihar, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh will appoint a minister in charges of the welfare of SCs, STs and OBCS. (v) Article 338 and 338 A: Article 338 and 338 A state, \"There will be a National Commission for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) which will ensure that constitutional provisions for their upliftment are followed and implemented\"."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Discuss the constitutional provisions which safeguard the interests of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Marginalised Groups and Social Justice","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The government has taken the following measures for welfare of minorities: (i) National Commission for Minorities: The National Commission for Minorities is responsible to safeguard the interest of minorities, which broadly relates so atrocities by the police, service matters, minority education institution and disputes relating to religious places. After taking cognizance of the complaints, reports are called far from the commission, make appropriate recommendations to the concerned authorities. (ii) National Commission for Religious and Linguistic Minorities: The government of India has been seized of the welfare needs of socially and economically backward sections among religious and linguistic minorities. For having a detail examination for identification of minorities and to suggest measures for their welfare, the government has constituted a National Commission for Religious and Linguistic minorities. It recommended measures for\/to: (i) reservation in education and government employment (ii) suggest the necessary constitutional legal and administrative modalities. (iii) Economic Development: National Minorities Development and Finance Corporation provides concessional finance for self-employment activities to eligible beneficiaries belonging to minority communities having family income below double the poverty line. (iv) Educational Development Maulana Azad Education Foundation is a registered society with the objectives of promoting education amongst the educationally backward sections of society."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["How are the interests of minorities safeguarded?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Marginalised Groups and Social Justice","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["One of the evils that arose out of the caste system was the practice of untouchability. Under the caste system, people doing certain types of jobs were treated as outcastes. These people usually did jobs such as removing dead bodies, carrying away human waste and sweeping roads. Such jobs were considered unclean, and the people who did them were considered impure and untouchable. Members of the other castes would not touch them for fear of losing purity."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is untouchability ? What are its different forms?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Government in Development","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["How many types of economy are there:<br>\t a. two <br>\t b. three <br>\t c. four \t <br>\t d. five"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Government in Development","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option c"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Seven plans were executed during:<br>\t a. 1941-1989 <br>\t b. 1942-1990 <br>\t c. 1951-1999 <br>\t d. 1961-2002"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Government in Development","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which is the 5th largest telecom market in the world?<br>\t a. India<br>\t b. China <br>\t c. Bhutan <br>\t d. Nepal"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Government in Development","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In 1956, three big steel plants were set up in Rourkela, Bhilai and:<br>\t a. Sikar <br>\t b. Durgapur <br>\t c. Modinagar <br>\t d. Jaipur"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Government in Development","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Agriculture; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["__________________ is the backbone of Indian economy."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Government in Development","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["7300 Km;"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["North-South and East-West corridor covering a distance of about __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Government in Development","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["port; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["A __________________ is a place where ships are loaded and unloaded."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Government in Development","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["1993; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Prime Minister Rozgar Yojna (PMRY) was implemented in __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Government in Development","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["REGP"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["_______________ aims at creating self-employment opportunities in rural areas and small towns."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Government in Development","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Planning commission tries to generate more employment opportunities."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Government in Development","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Planning commission was set up in 1956."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Government in Development","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["A steel plant at Salem (Tamil Nadu) started its work in 1994."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Government in Development","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The HMT also produces a wide range of watches."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Government in Development","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) was launched to make subsised food grains available to  poor families."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Government in Development","type":"Match the following","answer":["1. (e); 2. (d); 3. (c); 4. (a); 5. (b)"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Match the following :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":[""],"image":"17091210691.png"}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Government in Development","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The government is likely to play an important role in the development of a country. The economy of a country depends on the prosperity of the people and the policy adopted by the government for their economic welfare."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What does economic planning mean?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Government in Development","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Members of planning commission and chief ministers of states and union territories frame the policy of planning. National plans like defense, railways, communications, etc. are formulated by planning commission, plans about rural development, agricultural, power, education, health etc., fall under the scope of state government but in most of the cases the plans are formulated and politics are decided by the central government for the states of implement them."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What steps are taken by the government to reduce unemployment?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Government in Development","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The main objectives of Planning Commission are: (i) The planning commission has to identify the main objectives in our national policy. (ii) It checks whether the resources are utilised to the maximum extent to earn more profit. (iii) It tries to generate more employment opportunities."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What are the objectives of Planning Commission?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Government in Development","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The term infrastructure refers to an enabled framework a web network of roads, railways, ports, industries (both in Public and private sectors) and public social welfare work, etc."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Define the term infrastructure."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Government in Development","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Important steps taken by the Government for the Improvement of Agriculture Indian agriculture has made considerable progress since independence. The government of India has taken several steps to improve the Indian agriculture on state and central level. Some of the steps are following: Abolition of Zamindari: At the time of independence, Zamindari system prevailed under which vast stretches of land were owned by big landlords known as zamindars. These zamindars used to exploit the farmers who used to till the land and tents. The government took legislative measures to abolish zamindari system helping peasants to be land owners. Consideration of Land Holdings: The government has promoted consolidation of scattered and small holdings into bigger and single holdings thus making them economically viable. The consolidation of small land holdings into larger holdings is called chakbandi. Agricultural Tools and Implements: The mechanisation in agriculture sector plays an important role in maximising agricultural output and cutting down the time required for different farm operations such as sowing, weeding, spraying, sprinkling, harvesting, threshing etc. Developing High-Yield varities of seeds and fertilizers Farmers are given high yielding varieties of seeds at subsidised rates. This programme has helped the farmers to get bumper crops. Consumption of chemical fertilizers has increased by 15 times since mid sixties. Use of pesticides has also increased since 1960 to save the crops from insects, pests, fungi and weeds. Irrigation: Strenuous efforts have been made to increase irrigation facilities after independence. With sustained and systematic development of irrigation potential has increased from 22.6 million hectare in 1951 to about 94.53 million hectare in 1999-2000. Institutional Help: There are district level banks to promote agricultural development. Nationalised banks provide loans to farmers on easy term. National Seeds Corporation, National Ware Housing Corporation, National Food Corporation, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Agriculture University, National Dairy Board and several other institutions are trying hard to help the farmers."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write the important steps taken by the government for the improvement of Agriculture."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Government in Development","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Steps Taken by the Government for the Industrial Growth India started her quest for industrial development after independence in 1947. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1948 marked the beginning of the evolution of the Indian Industrial Policy. India is predominantly an agricultural country but the development of agriculture alone cannot make the country self-sufficient. No nation can progress without industrial development. Modern agriculture needs implements that can only be made in big or small factories, Proper utilisation of these resources and the development of industries provide employment to millions of our people."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Write the steps taken by the government for the industrial growth."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Government in Development","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["After independence, government has taken various steps to eliminate poverty. Some of them are listed here: Prime Minister Rozgar Yojna (PMRY): It was implemented in 1993 with the aim to create selfemployment opportunities for educated unemployed youth. Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP): It was launched in 1995. It aims at creating self-employment opportunities in rural areas and small towns. Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojna (SGSY): It was implemented in 1999 to bring the poor families above poverty line by organising them into self help groups. Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojna (PMGY): It was launched in 2000. It gives additional central assistance to states for basic services such as primary health and education, shelter and drinking water, etc. Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY): It was launched in 2000 to make subsised food grains available to poor families."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What steps are taken by the government to reduce poverty?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Police and Courts","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":" Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The highest police official at the district level is the:<br>\t a. Superintendent of Police <br>\t b. Director General of Police <br>\t c. Inspector General of Police <br>\t d. None of these "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Police and Courts","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option b"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":" Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["\u00e2\u20ac\u02dcFIR\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 means:<br>\t a. First Investigation Report <br>\t b. First Information Report  <br>\t c. First Intend Report <br>\t d. None of these "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Police and Courts","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":" Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["A lawyer who defends an accused in court is called a :<br>\t a. defence lawyer<br>\t b. advocate <br>\t c. civil lawyer <br>\t d. None of these"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Police and Courts","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":" Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which is an investigating agency?<br>\t a. Police <br>\t b. BSF <br>\t c. CRPF<br>\t d. CISF "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Police and Courts","type":"Tick the correct option","answer":["option a"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":" Tick (\u00e2\u0153\u201c) the correct option :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The public prosecutor is a paid servant, appointed by the:<br>\t a. State Government <br>\t b. Central Government  <br>\t c. Semi-Government <br>\t d. None of these "],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Police and Courts","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["police; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The __________________ is the important pillar of the administration."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Police and Courts","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["jailor;"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Deputy Jailor is to assist the __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Police and Courts","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Bail;"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["__________________ is the money that somebody agrees to pay if a person accused of an offence does not appear for trail"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Police and Courts","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["Government; "],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The __________________ gives power to the police to take action against crimes."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Police and Courts","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["prosecutor"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Fill in the blanks :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["A lawyer who represents the government in court is called a __________________."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Police and Courts","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The First Information Report is a written document."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Police and Courts","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["In criminal cases, the government is always the party that sues the accused."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Police and Courts","type":"True and False","answer":["F"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Article 25 of the Indian constitution grants the right of life and liberty."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Police and Courts","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Police acts as a link between the criminal and the court."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Police and Courts","type":"True and False","answer":["T"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Write \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcT\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for true and \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcF\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 for false :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["The accused is defended by a lawyer."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Police and Courts","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["The First Information Report is a written document prepared by the police when they receive information about the commission of a cognizable offence or crime. It is a report of information that reaches the police first in point of time and that is why it is called the First Information Report."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Define these :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["FIR"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Police and Courts","type":"Fill in the blanks","answer":["In criminal cases, the government is always the party that sues the accused. A lawyer who represents the government in court is called a public prosecutor."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Define these :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Public Prosecutor"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Police and Courts","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Bail: Bail is money that somebody agrees to pay if a person accused of an offence does not appear for trail. All offences are not bailable. A person arrested for a bailable offence has the right to be released on agreeing to  pay bail without having to apply to a court. If the offence is not bailable the arrested person must apply to a court for bail. The court may grant bail or refuse to do so."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What is bail?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Police and Courts","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["Anyone who know about the commission of a cognizable offence can file an FIR. It is not necessary that only the victim of the crime should file an FIR. A police officer who comes to know about a cognizable offence can file an FIR himself\/herself."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Which police station investigates an FIR?"],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Police and Courts","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The public prosecutor is a paid servant; appointed by the state government. His main function is to help in the prosecution of offenders to keep the society free from crime. Only those persons are eligible to become the public prosecutor who have successfully completed seven years at Bar. He\/She has also to clear an examination conducted by the state government from time to time. The public prosecutor faces tremendous pressure while executing his\/her responsibility. His\/Her role begins when the police has conducted the investigation and filed a charge sheet in the court. As a court employee, his\/ her duty is to act impartially and present true facts and evidence before the court. Therefore, he\/she enables the court to decide the case."],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Discuss the role of a Public Prosecutor in a trial."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Police and Courts","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The constitution and criminal laws of India give certain rights to an arrested person. Some of them are listed below. The right to be informed of the reason for arrest. The right to consult and be defended by a lawyer of his or her choice. The right to be produced before a magistrate within 24 hours of arrest, and the right not to be kept in custody beyond that time without the magistrate&#039;s permission. The right not be tortured, which includes the right not to be deprived of the basic necessities of life such as food, clothing and shelter. The right not be forced to be a witness against his or her own self. The right not to be called outside his or her residence only for questioning (for boys aged below 15 and women)"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Mention the rights of an arrested person."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Police and Courts","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["The constitution and criminal laws of India give certain rights to an arrested person. Some of them are listed below. The right to be informed of the reason for arrest. The right to consult and be defended by a lawyer of his or her choice. The right to be produced before a magistrate within 24 hours of arrest, and the right not to be kept in custody beyond that time without the magistrate&#039;s permission. The right not be tortured, which includes the right not to be deprived of the basic necessities of life such as food, clothing and shelter. The right not be forced to be a witness against his or her own self. The right not to be called outside his or her residence only for questioning (for boys aged below 15 and women)"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["Mention the rights of an arrested person."],"image":""}},{"excel_id":"Penguin Social Studies","class":"Class 8","subject":"Penguin Social Studies","book":"Penguin Social Studies-8","chapter":"Role of Police and Courts","type":"Short answer type questions","answer":["What can you do if your FIR is not registerd? You can meet the superintendent of police or other higher officers like Deputy Inspector General of Police and Inspector General of Police and bring your complaint to their notice. You can send your complaint in writing and by post to the superintendent of police concerned. If the superintendent of police is satisfied with your complaint, he shall either investigate the case himself or order an investigation to be made. You can file a private complaint before the court having jurisdiction. You can also make a complaint to the state Human Rights Commission if the police does nothing to enforce the law or does it in a baised and corrupt manner"],"difficulty":"E","outcome":"book","mark":"1","question":{"title":"Answer these Questions :bsp;&nbsp;<i><i>","option":["What can you do if your FIR is not registered?"],"image":""}},]